Dimethoxycurcumin, a synthetic curcumin analogue with higher metabolic stability, inhibits NO production, inducible NO synthase expression and NF-kappaB activation in RAW264.7 macrophages activated with LPS.

@article{Pae2008DimethoxycurcuminAS,
  title={Dimethoxycurcumin, a synthetic curcumin analogue with higher metabolic stability, inhibits NO production, inducible NO synthase expression and NF-kappaB activation in RAW264.7 macrophages activated with LPS.},
  author={Hyun Ock Pae and Sun-oh Jeong and Hak Sung Kim and Seong Heak Kim and Yung-sun Song and Sung-kwun Kim and Kyu Yun Chai and Hun-taeg Chung},
  journal={Molecular nutrition \& food research},
  year={2008},
  volume={52 9},
  pages={
          1082-91
        },
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25260202}
}
The results suggest that DiMC inhibits NO production, iNOS expression and NF-kappaB activation in LPS-activated macrophages, which may be due not only to the conjugated double bonds but also the increased number of methoxy groups.

BDMC33, A Curcumin Derivative Suppresses Inflammatory Responses in Macrophage-Like Cellular System: Role of Inhibition in NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways

The experimental data suggests the inflammatory action of BDMC33 on activated macrophage-like cellular systems, which could be used as a future therapeutic agent in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases.

Curcumin Differs from Tetrahydrocurcumin for Molecular Targets, Signaling Pathways and Cellular Responses

Most studies have indicated that THC exhibits higher antioxidant activity, but curcumin exhibits both pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties, and other studies suggest that THC is superior toCurcumin for induction of GSH peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, NADPH: quinone reductase, and quenching of free radicals.

A new metabolite: The effects of aminated tetrahydrocurcumin on inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2

Results showed that THC-NH2 can be used in multi-targeting anti-inflammation drugs to inhibit iNOS levels and reduce the side effects of COX-2 inhibitors by acting as a competitive inhibitor.

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Curcumin in Microglial Cells

Investigation of curcumin’s anti-neuroinflammatory properties in LTA-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells suggests thatCurcumin could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders via suppressing neuroinflammatory responses.

Differential antioxidant/pro-oxidant activity of dimethoxycurcumin, a synthetic analogue of curcumin

Dimc was a pro-oxidant and generated ROS in tumour cells, and both curcumin and Dimc were non-toxic to lymphocytes, while exhibiting comparable cytotoxicity to tumours, making it a promising anti-tumour agent.

Biological and pharmacological evaluation of dimethoxycurcumin: A metabolically stable curcumin analogue with a promising therapeutic potential

The enhanced AR degradation on DiMC treatment suggests it as a novel anticancer agent against resistant tumors with androgenic etiology, and DiMC might be a potential treatment for acne vulgaris.

Curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin and turmerones differentially regulate anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative responses through a ROS-independent mechanism.

It is demonstrated that different analogs of curcumin present in turmeric exhibit variable anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities, which do not correlate with their ability to modulate the ROS status.

Zerumbone, a Southeast Asian ginger sesquiterpene, markedly suppresses free radical generation, proinflammatory protein production, and cancer cell proliferation accompanied by apoptosis: the alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl group is a prerequisite.

Zerumbone is a food phytochemical that has distinct potentials for use in anti-inflammation, chemoprevention, and chemotherapy strategies, and alpha-humulene, a structural analog lacking only the carbonyl group in ZER, was virtually inactive in all experiments conducted, indicating that the alpha,beta-unsaturated carbony l group may play some pivotal roles in interactions with unidentified target molecule(s).

Comparative effects of curcuminoids on endothelial heme oxygenase-1 expression: ortho-methoxy groups are essential to enhance heme oxygenase activity and protection

Cytoprotective effects afforded by curcuminoids were considerably associated with their abilities to enhance HO activity, and may be useful in designing more efficacious HO-1 inducers which could be considered as promising pharmacological agents for the prevention or treatment of endothelial diseases caused by oxidative damages.

Roles of heme oxygenase-1 in curcumin-induced growth inhibition in rat smooth muscle cells

It is suggested that curcumin has an ability to induce HO-1 expression, presumably through Nrf2-dependent ARE activation, in rat VSMCs and HASMCs, and evidence that the antiproliferative effect ofCurcumin is considerably linked to its ability to induced HO- 1 expression is provided.

Nitric oxide as a bioregulator of apoptosis.

The antiapoptotic mechanism can be understood via expression of protective genes such as heat shock proteins, Bcl-2 as well as direct inhibition of the apoptotic caspase family proteases by S-nitrosylation of the cysteine thiol.

Anticancer potential of curcumin: preclinical and clinical studies.

Evidence has also been presented to suggest that curcumin can suppress tumor initiation, promotion and metastasis, and Pharmacologically,Curcumin has been found to be safe.