Phenology as a process rather than an event: from individual reaction norms to community metrics

@article{Inouye2019PhenologyAA,
  title={Phenology as a process rather than an event: from individual reaction norms to community metrics},
  author={Brian D. Inouye and Johan Ehrl{\'e}n and Nora C. Underwood},
  journal={Ecological Monographs},
  year={2019},
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:91577370}
}
Measures of the seasonal timing of biological events are key to addressing questions about how phenology evolves, modifies species interactions, and mediates biological responses to climate change.

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Climate change and phenology

    D. Inouye
    Environmental Science, Biology
  • 2022
Climate change is a defining element of the current ecological landscape, with consequences ranging from global to local environments and research has moved beyond simple descriptions of these temporal changes to investigations of their root causes, impacts, and consequences at both ecological and evolutionary time scales.

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A path forward is outlined built on greater efforts to integrate priority effects into modern coexistence theory, improved empirical estimates of multivariate environmental change, and clearly defined estimates of phenological tracking and its underlying environmental cues.
...

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A conceptual framework for selecting approaches that are best matched to the question of interest is presented, and the value of combining approaches and the importance of long-term data for establishing a baseline of phenological synchrony are highlighted.

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Mean dates and estimates calculated using the smoothing method provided in general the most accurate estimates of phenological shifts and were also the most robust to variation in sample sizes and to imperfect detectability.

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A conceptual framework is presented that emphasizes a critical distinction between environmental (cue) and organismal (response-driven) mechanisms causing variation in phenological shifts and discusses how this distinction can reduce confusion in the field and improve predictions of future phenological change.

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A uniquely long-term perspective on phenological change for Daphnia galeata was adopted, by analysing an eight decade data set on the seasonal dynamics of this species in the north basin of Windermere, UK, and showed that the seasonal timing of the phytoplankton peak had the most consistent effect upon D. g Galeata phenology.
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