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pack years

Known as: Pack Year, {Pack Year} 
A way to measure the amount a person has smoked over a long period of time. It is calculated by multiplying the number of packs of cigarettes smoked… 
National Institutes of Health

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Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium Terminology

Papers overview

Semantic Scholar uses AI to extract papers important to this topic.
2016
2016
WNT/β-catenin signaling regulates cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation via the PPARδ/p38 pathway
The mechanisms of WNT/β-catenin signaling involved in airway inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain… 
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2016
2016
Airway smooth muscle NOX4 is upregulated and modulates ROS generation in COPD
The burden of oxidative stress is increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, whether the intra-cellular… 
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2016
2016
Impaired nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression increases apoptosis of airway epithelial cells in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to cigarette smoking
BackgroundCigarette smoking-induced oxidative stress is known to be a key mechanism in COPD pathogenesis. Nuclear factor… 
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Highly Cited
2015
Highly Cited
2015
Tobacco Cessation May Improve Lung Cancer Patient Survival
Introduction: This study characterizes tobacco cessation patterns and the association of cessation with survival among lung… 
Highly Cited
2012
Highly Cited
2012
Demethylation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor as a biomarker for nascent smokers
Epigenetic modifications to peripheral white blood cell DNA occur in response to a wide variety of exposures. In prior work, we… 
Highly Cited
2012
Highly Cited
2012
Effect of smoking on oxygen delivery and outcome in patients treated with radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma--a prospective study.
Highly Cited
2011
Highly Cited
2011
Lung cancer screening with low-dose helical CT: results from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST)
After long debate about the worth of screening for lung cancer, and even about the merits of doing a randomized trial to address… 
Highly Cited
2011
Highly Cited
2011
Human Papillomavirus in Metastatic Lymph Nodes from Unknown Primary Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Objective. Determine human papillomavirus (HPV) incidence in unknown primary squamous cell carcinomas (SCCa) of the head and neck… 
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Highly Cited
2004
Highly Cited
2004
Screening for lung cancer using low dose CT scanning
Background: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer related death in Ireland. The majority of lung cancers are inoperable… 
Highly Cited
1994
Highly Cited
1994
Different susceptibility to smoking-induced DNA damage among male and female lung cancer patients.
The levels of aromatic/hydrophobic DNA adducts were analyzed in normal lung tissue from 63 lung cancer patients and examined in… 
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