Generalization of serial learning in the pigeon

@article{Straub1981GeneralizationOS,
  title={Generalization of serial learning in the pigeon},
  author={Richard O. Straub and Herbert S. Terrace},
  journal={Animal Learning \& Behavior},
  year={1981},
  volume={9},
  pages={454-468},
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145214207}
}
That subjects can respond accurately on nonadjacent subsets is not readily explained by a chaining theory, or by any theory that assumes that responding to element n provides a cue for responding to elements n+1.

Stimulus stringing by pigeons: Conditional strings

Pigeons were trained to produce one serial list in the presence of a green background cue and another serial list in the presence of a red background cue when the items for both serial lists were

Representation of serial order in monkeys (Cebus apella).

Results indicated that the monkeys had developed a well-organized internal representation of the four- and five-item series, which is predictable from the difference in their capacities for associative transitivity.

Representation of serial order in pigeons (Columba livia).

The performance of the subjects in Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrates that, similar to monkeys, pigeons form a representation of the lists that they learn.

The hierarchical representation of three-item sequences

The results indicate that pigeons are capable of using coherent, hierarchical representations of sequence information and argue against a number of list-processing schemes, such as a retrospective trace-strength discrimination scheme and a prospective conditional sequential discrimination scheme.

Pigeons rank-order responses to temporally sequential stimuli

Pigeons were capable of using ordinal information in a temporal task, but only when that information was easily discriminable and led to explicit consequences (i.e., rewarded vs. nonrewarded sequences).

Recall of three-item sequences by pigeons

Pigeons were trained to recall an arbitrary sequence on a delayed matching-to-successive-samples (DMTSS) task. Sample items were presented successively and then displayed simultaneously. Subjects

Response sequence learning as a function of primary versus conditioned reinforcement

The results show that conditioned reinforcers sometimes generate more accurate sequence learning than do primary rein forcers, and that schedule contigencies influence which type of feedback will optimize performance.

Serial learning by rhesus monkeys: I. Acquisition and retention of multiple four-item lists.

Response latencies on a subset test employing all possible 2- and 3-item subsets of each 4-item list support the hypothesis that monkeys form linear representations of a list.

Representation of serial order in humans: A comparison to the findings with monkeys (Cebus apella)

The results suggest that during the course of learning the five-item serial-order task humans form an internal representation of the series and access that representation to guide their behavior.
...

The stimulus in serial verbal learning.

The functional stimulus in serial verbal learning has not been identified specifically and it is difficult to determine whether the functional stimulus giving rise to Item D is C, all preceding items, the serial position of the item, all of these factors, or some other aspect of the situation.

Serial learning in the pigeon.

Three pigeons learned to peck four colors in a particular sequence, regardless of how these colors were positioned on four response keys and without feedback following each response. This

Remembrance of places passed: Spatial memory in rats.

Rats were tested on an eight-arm maze in a paradigm of sampling with replacement from a known set of items until the entire set was sampled and there was a small but reliable recency effect with the likelihood of a repetition error increasing with the number of choices since the initial instance.