.................................................................................................................................... iv Main Contributions of the thesis ............................................................................................... v List of Acronyms ...................................................................................................................... xi List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... xii List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... xiv List of Charts........................................................................................................................... xiv Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.0. Background .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Organisation of Chapters ............................................................................................ 5 1.2. Brief Description of the chapters: ................................................................................ 6 1.3. References: .................................. ....................................................................................... 8 Problem statement, related work, motivation and Obj ectives ........................................... ................. 10 2.0. Introduction and problem statement ......................................................................... 10 2.1. Related work and the issues .................. ................................................................... 12 2.2. SoftRAN: Software Defined Radio Access Network .................................................. 17 2.3. Network Interoperability issues with non-human device types .................................... 18 2.3.1. Machine to Machine ........................................................................................ 18 2.3.2. Intelligent Vehicular networks .......................................................................... 19 2.3.3. VANET (Vehicle Area Networks) implementing I EEE 802.11p ............................... 20 2.3.4. IVC using DOLPHIN ....................................................................................... 21 2.4. Vehicular Closed User Group network essentials ................................................... 21 2.5. Nano Networks .................................................................................................. 21 2.6. Motivation and objectives .................... ................................................................... 22 2.7. Objectives and Synopsis of the proposal ...... .. ................................................... 23 Smart Mobile Network Access topology ................................................................................ 24 3.0. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 24 3.1. Novel multiple access scheme ................. ................................................................ 24 3.2. Frequency scanning .......................................................................................... 27 3.3. Address of mobile node as a function of time f rame, time slot and symbol ................ 30 3.4. User Identification and call establishment bet ween the mobile nodes employing physical layer addressing. ................................. .................................................................................. 33 3.5. Employing the physical layer modulation for ad dressing the nodes of a network – Simulation 38 3.6. Introduction of guard band ................................................................................ 42 3.7. The Network Topologies in the light of the pro osed Multiple Access Scheme ......... 43 3.7.3. Frame formation in the Downlink and Uplink . ...................................................... 45 3.8. The synchronisation mechanism ................ ............................................................. 50 3.9. The functionality and the architecture of the coordination processor .......................... 5 2 4.0. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 58 4.1. High Level description ....................................................................................... 59 4.2. Mobility and Handover ....................................................................................... 59 4.2.1. Algorithm for handover .................................................................................... 61 4.2.2. Call Flow for the cell handover ............ ................................................................. 62 4.3. Determination of the timing frequency for addr ess symbol transmission and the data bit transmission. ................................................................................................................... 64 4.4. Comparison of the proposed Multiple Access Sch emes .............................................. 66 4.5. Comparison of the technologies ....................................................................... 68 4.6. Addressing and Numbering Plan followed for the global mobile network .................. 69 x 4.7. Comparative analysis of the signaling processe s and overhead for mobility management in the State-of-the-Art and the proposed smart network ........................................................... 69 4.8. Synopsis of Mobility and Location management i n LTE ............................................. 69 4.9. Location update in ............................................................................................. 73 4.10. SMNAT as enabler of Device to Device communic ation ............................................ 75 4.11. Implementation of SMNAT for in-band D2D and i teroperability with WISDOM .... 84 4.12. Description of network elements of SMNAT and the call flow for session establishment. 85 4.13. Decision by the network to initiate D2D leg b ased on cooperative communication .... 87 4.14. Security aspects in light of cooperative comm unication between 2 devices in cellular D2D mode 87 4.15. Comparison between the D2D approaches related to radio resource allocation management (network coding, fractional frequency reuse) and SM NAT. .............................................. ....... 89 Channel Impairments and error control mechanisms... ..... ......................................................... 91 5.0. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 91 5.1. Proposed Error Correction mechanism for the Ti me Slot acting as the Addressing Channel. 92 5.2. Calculation for Symbol Error (Ps) and Bit Erro r (Pb) for 8 PSK with SNR = 15 Db. . 95 5.3. Proposed channel coding mechanism for the traf fic channel. ...................................... 96 5.4. Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 98 Application of the Multiple Access Technology in th e Wireless Local Loop. ............................ 99 6.1. Present Applications/Implementation of WLL ... ................................................... 100 6.2. Proposal for employing the proposed Multiple A ccess technology for Wireless Local Loop implementations ........................................................................................................... 100 6.3. Colour Pixel multiplexing in Access layer for wireless devices for the WLL network.101 6.4. Architecture of a WLL network based on Colour Signals.......................................... 1 03 6.5. System Model .................................................................................................. 107 6.6. Example ........................................................................................................... 110 6.7. Signal Bandwidth ............................. ..................................................................... 111 6.8. Amplifier bandwidth and slew rate requirements .................................................. 111 6.9. Conversion of voice to colour signals ........ . . ..................................................... 112 6.10. Amplitude Modulation (based on modulation of the saturation level) on the chroma signal for voice / data traffic conveyance ............................................................................... 113 6.11. Spectral Efficiency ......................... ....................................................................... 114 6.12. Advantages of CPMA in light of the various fa ctors essential for the Network Operations 114 Multisource Voice coding technology using colour co ding technique for high definition voice transmission .......................................................................................................................... 116 7.1. Description .................................. .......................................................................... 116 7.2. The channel coding scheme : Vocoding and conve rsion of speech to colour signals 117 7.3. Deriving the Amplitude and Phase from the FFT Bins to derive the color signals .... 118 Conclusion and Future Work ................................................................................................ 123 8.0. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 123 8.1. How do we aim to achieve the objectives : .... ... ................................................ 124 8.1.1. Propose a Hierarchical Sm