.................................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................................. ii DECLARATIONS ........................................................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................... x GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................. vii CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................................ 1 SIGNIFICANCE AND SCOPE OF THE THESIS ................................................................................ 1 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Research Background ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Proposed Solution ....................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Objectives .................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Thesis Outline ............................................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................................................ 6 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................. 6 2.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Categories of Voting Systems ..................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Traditional Polling Station Voting Systems ................................................... 6 2.1.2 Electronic Voting Systems ............................................................................. 9 2.2 Information System Security for Remote Electronic Voting System ....................... 16 2.2.1 Cryptography ............................................................................................... 16 2.2.2 Steganoraphy ................................................................................................ 20 2.3 Voting Systems Threats ............................................................................................ 28 2.3.1 Threats in Traditional Polling Station Election ............................................ 29 2.3.2 Threats in Electronic Voting Systems .......................................................... 29 2.4 Summary and Conclusion ......................................................................................... 30 CHAPTER 3 .............................................................................................................................. 32 STUDIES OF RELATED E-VOTING SYSTEMS ............................................................................. 32 3.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 32 3.1 Helios ........................................................................................................................ 33 3.1.1 System Overview ......................................................................................... 33 3.1.2 Principal Components of the System ........................................................... 35 3.2 Scantegrity II ............................................................................................................. 38 3.2.1 History of Scantegrity Voting System ......................................................... 38 3.2.2 System Overview ......................................................................................... 39 3.2.3 Principal components of the system ............................................................. 40 3.3 Prêt à Voter ............................................................................................................... 42 3.3.1 System Overview ......................................................................................... 42 3.3.2 Principal Components of the System ........................................................... 43 v | P a g e 3.4 RIES .......................................................................................................................... 45 3.4.1 System Overview ......................................................................................... 45 3.4.2 Principal components of the system ............................................................. 46 3.5 Summary and Conclusion ......................................................................................... 48 CHAPTER 4 .............................................................................................................................. 50 SECURE E-VOTING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ............................................................................. 50 4.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 50 4.1 Iterative Waterfall Model .......................................................................................... 51 4.2 Software Requirement Analysis of eVote Voting System ........................................ 53 4.2.1 Users............................................................................................................. 53 4.2.2 Scope ............................................................................................................ 54 4.2.3 Major Assumptions ...................................................................................... 54 4.2.4 Operating Environment and Dependencies .................................................. 54 4.2.5 System Requirements ................................................................................... 55 4.3 Software Design of eVote Voting System ................................................................ 56 4.3.1 System Integration ....................................................................................... 56 4.3.2 Data Models ................................................................................................. 57 4.3.3 Process Models ............................................................................................ 58 4.4 Summary and Conclusions ....................................................................................... 63 CHAPTER 5 .............................................................................................................................. 64 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION ...................................................................................................... 64 5.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 64 5.1 Technologies ............................................................................................................. 64 5.1.1 Client-Side ................................................................................................... 64 5.1.2 Server-Side ................................................................................................... 65 5.2 Development Tools ................................................................................................... 66 5.2.1 Netbeans IDE ............................................................................................... 66 5.2.2 Glassfish Application Server ........................................................................ 66 5.2.3 MySQL Relational Database Management Server (RDMS) ....................... 67 5.3 Implementation of Information Security in eVote System ....................................... 67 5.3.1 Cryptography ............................................................................................... 67 5.3.2 Steganography .............................................................................................. 71 5.4 System Implementation ............................................................................................ 73 5.4.1 eVote v1.0 .................................................................................................... 73 5.4.2 eVote v2.0 .................................................................................................... 76 5.5 Summary and Conclusions ....................................................................................... 85 CHAPTER 6 .............................................................................................................................. 86 SYSTEM TESTING AND CONSIDERATION OF SECURITY ATTACKS ON THE SYSTEM ............. 86 6.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 86 6.1 Software Testing ....................................................................................................... 86 6.1.1 Testing Environment .................................................................................... 86 6.1.2 Testing Participant ....................................................................................... 86 6.1.3 Software Testing Procedure .............