....................................................................................................................................iü LIST OF F IG U R E S ................................................................................................................... vüi CHAPTER O N E ..............................................................................................................................1 A rgum ent overv iew .................................................................................................................. 1 Prevalence and r i s k ................................................................................................................... 4 The preventive utility of m ass drug sc reen in g ...................................................................4 Legal theory and case law h is to ry ....................................................................................... 7 E thical ju s tif ic a tio n ................................................................................................................ 10 A rgum ent o u tlin e ..................................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER T W O ...........................................................................................................................23 A bit of historical perspec tive ............................................................................................. 26 The W ar on Drugs from Nixon through R eag an ............................................................ 31 J u s t Say N o ............................................................................................................................. 34 Recent workplace drug abuse policy rhetoric en v ironm en t..........................................40 D issent d isallow ed ................................................................................................................. 42 C hapter S u m m ary ................................................................................................................... 44 CHAPTER T H R E E ......................................................................................................................45 E stim ating the ex tent and cost of workplace drug abuse: The epidemiology of illicit in tox ica tion .............................................................................. 45 V aluing the drug abuse “losses” ...........................................................................................50 D rug abuse data “coding” is s u e s ..........................................................................................55 “H ealth ’n’ Safety ’n’ Productivity” in the workplace: a quick pilgrim age to “Stonedhenge” .................................................................................62 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. 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F ires to n e d .................................................................................................................................. 64 C hapter su m m a ry .................................................................................................................. 65 CHAPTER F O U R ........................................................................................................................ 67 The “science” and business of suspicionless drug te s t in g .............................................67 Competence in the commercial l a b ..................................................................................... 80 OJT co n cern s ............................................................................................................................ 85 Conventional D rug Testing M ethodology..........................................................................90 O ther m atrices: H air te s t in g ................................................................................................ 99 “Backw ash,” or. wag the dog and baste the “turkey”: Surveillance b a ck la sh 102 O ther m atrices, continued: sahva and s w e a t ............................................................... 104 The “Patch” ............................................................................................................................ 106 “C haracter” testing: H andw riting analysis and the “MMPI Lite” (Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory)..............................................................106 Commercial drug testing: m arket considera tions....................................................... I l l Sum m ary thus fa r...................................................................................................................116 CHAPTER F IV E ........................................................................................................................ 11 Drug testing and C onstitutional law: clamorem et u th e s iu m .................................. 117 Cuddihy: evolution of the Fourth A m en d m en t.............................................................. 117 The im plications for indiscrim inate drug te s t in g ......................................................... 123 "There is no Constitution a t Disneyland: we have our own laws here.” .................131 Obsta p r in c ip iis .................................................................................................................... 134 The devolution of constitutional p riv acy ......................................................................... 141 The moral underpinnings of constitu tional r ig h ts ........................................................145 Peter H uber’s call for more clamorem ei uthesium: Back to the fu tu r e ................. 150 CHAPTER S IX ........................................................................................................................... 155 On the value of privacy: a short historical and philosophical ru m in a tio n 155 “The word privacy’ appears nowhere in the C onstitution” ........................................156 C onstitutional privacy disputes: a brief su rv e y .............................................................158 Privacy and suspicionless drug te s t in g ............................................................................163 "Privacy” or "Confidentiality”? ........................................................................................ 167