Protochordates

Tunicates are the closest relatives of vertebrates, and their peculiar phylogenetic position explains the increasing interest… Expand

Numerous studies of the mammalian immune system have begun to uncover profound interrelationships, as well as fundamental… Expand

During the past few years, substantial progress has been accomplished in the elucidation of the structural diversity of the… Expand

Summary:  Urochordates and cephalochordates do not have an adaptive immune system involving the somatic rearrangement of their… Expand

Innate immunity is mediated by a variety of different, non-rearranging receptors and soluble molecules that recognize and… Expand

The evolutionary origin of adaptive immune receptors is not understood below the phylogenetic level of the jawed vertebrates. We… Expand

The notochord and dorsal ectoderm induce dorsoventral compartmentalization of the vertebrate neural tube through the differential… Expand

The variety of theories that have attempted to define the mechanisms of aging and life span can be broadly divided into two… Expand

Immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (ir-GnRH) was detected in brain extracts of newborn and 10-day-old rats and in… Expand

Colonial tunicates, unlike vertebrates, undergo transplantation in nature. Rejection or acceptance between colonies of Botryllus… Expand