Injection of botulinum toxin

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) can relieve muscle spasticity by blocking axon terminals acetylcholine release at the motor endplate (MEP… Expand

Abstract Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder of unknown cause that manifests as symptoms of difficulty in swallowing… Expand

A best evidence topic was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether Heller's myotomy… Expand

Stiff knee gait (SKG) is common in hemiplegic patients. The main focus of treatment is rectus femoris (RF) spasticity. The aims… Expand

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We compared the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection (BTI) and tibial nerve neurotomy (TNN) in an open… Expand

Graded pneumatic dilatation (PD) is an appropriate long-term therapy and botulinum toxin injection (BT) is a relatively short… Expand

UNLABELLED Spasmodic dysphonia is a rare voice disorder that is most successfully treated by injection of botulinum toxin (i.e… Expand

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To evaluate the relative efficacy of unilateral and bilateral injections of botulinum toxin injection… Expand

A combined-modality treatment program consisting of botulinum toxin injection (Botox) and voice therapy was used to treat 17… Expand

Abductor laryngeal dystonia (LD) is characterized by a hoarse voice quality which is broken up by breathy or whispered portions… Expand