Injection of botulinum toxin

Achalasia is characterized by incomplete lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation and aperistalsis of the esophagus. It is… (More)

Vocal tremor is characterized by involuntary rhythmic modulations of pitch and loudness and is best perceived during sustained… (More)

Among the therapeutic options for achalasia are pneumatic dilatation (PD), an appropriate long-term therapy, and botulinum toxin… (More)

Stiff knee gait (SKG) is common in hemiplegic patients. The main focus of treatment is rectus femoris (RF) spasticity. The aims… (More)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We compared the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection (BTI) and tibial nerve neurotomy (TNN) in an open… (More)

Graded pneumatic dilatation (PD) is an appropriate long-term therapy and botulinum toxin injection (BT) is a relatively short… (More)

UNLABELLED Spasmodic dysphonia is a rare voice disorder that is most successfully treated by injection of botulinum toxin (i.e… (More)

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To evaluate the relative efficacy of unilateral and bilateral injections of botulinum toxin injection… (More)

A combined-modality treatment program consisting of botulinum toxin injection (Botox) and voice therapy was used to treat 17… (More)

Abductor laryngeal dystonia (LD) is characterized by a hoarse voice quality which is broken up by breathy or whispered portions… (More)