................................................................................................................................... 4 1 Chapter One Introduction .............................................................................. 15 1.1 Overview of Introduction Chapter .................................................................................. 15 1.2 What is Paranoia? ........................................................................................................... 16 1.2.1 Historical Accounts .............................................................................................. 16 1.2.2 Operational Accounts of Paranoia ...................................................................... 16 1.2.3 Problems with Operational Accounts ................................................................. 18 1.3 Freeman and Garety’s Definition .................................................................................... 19 1.3.1 Current Usage of the Term ................................................................................. 21 1.4 Current Models of Paranoia ............................................................................................ 21 1.4.1 Paranoia as Defence, and Emotional Consistent Accounts. ............................... 22 1.4.2 Freeman’s Emotional Consistent Account .......................................................... 24 1.4.3 Poor Me and Bad Me Paranoia ........................................................................... 25 1.5 Continuum views of Paranoia ......................................................................................... 27 1.5.1 The Phenomenological and Vulnerability Distinction ......................................... 29 1.5.2 The Continuous and Quasi-continuous Distinction ............................................ 29 1.5.3 Support for the Continuum Approach ................................................................ 30 1.6 Prevalence Studies of Psychosis in Nonclinical Populations ........................................... 31 1.6.1 Paranoia in Nonclinical Populations .................................................................... 32 6 1.6.2 Criticisms of Prevalence Research ...................................................................... 41 1.7 Questionnaire based Research ....................................................................................... 42 1.7.1 Questionnaire Measures of Paranoia in Nonclinical Groups ............................. 44 1.7.2 Social Cognitive Biases and Nonclinical Paranoia ............................................... 47 1.7.3 Criticisms of Self Report Data ............................................................................. 48 1.8 Experimental Approaches to Paranoia ........................................................................... 50 1.8.1 The Camera Paradigm ......................................................................................... 50 1.8.2 Virtual Reality Studies ......................................................................................... 53 1.8.3 Green, Freeman & Kuipers, 2011 ........................................................................ 55 1.8.4 Limitations with Experimental Approaches to Date ........................................... 57 1.9 Research Questions & Implications ................................................................................ 58 1.10 Thesis Plan ....................................................................................................................... 59 2 Chapter Two – Prisoner’s Dilemma Game and Paranoia ............ 62 2.