Surgical classification of renal calculi.

@article{Rocco1984SurgicalCO,
  title={Surgical classification of renal calculi.},
  author={Francesco Rocco and Alberto Mandressi and Piero Larcher},
  journal={European urology},
  year={1984},
  volume={10 2},
  pages={
          121-3
        },
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33788374}
}
A classification of renal calculi is presented and the letter 'P' indicates the functional status of the parenchyma, and the numbers 1, 2, 3 refer to a normally functioning kidney; moderate renal insufficiency, or serious renal Insufficiency.
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A method for description and classification of patients with renal stone disease and this system of classification provides a basis for surgical and medical decisions.

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Even in this era of widespread use of extracorporeal lithotripsy (ESWL), PCNL is regaining importance in the more complex cases of renal calculosis, to try to reduce times for adequate stone clearance and to reach a better benefit/cost ratio.

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The sigmoid perforation by a renal stone ileus is named "Lorenzi's syndrome" after the physician who hypothesized this rare differential diagnosis based only on history and clinical examination.

Spontaneous nephrocolic fistula secondary to a staghorn calculus

Few nephrointestinal Wstulae have been described in the literature, and the cases of spontaneous appearance of this condition are even scarce; imaging procedures—abdominal X-rays and computed tomography—are the best diagnostic tools to be used in this condition.

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