..................................................................................................................................... ii Table of contents ....................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables............................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... vii List of Abbreviations............................................................................................................... viii Remerciements ........................................................................................................................... x Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... xi Chapter One: Introduction.......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 General Overview ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Research question............................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Objectives of the study ..................................................................................................... 3 1.4.1 General Objectives .................................................................................................... 3 1.4.2 Specific objectives .................................................................................................... 4 1.5 The State of Art ................................................................................................................ 5 1.6 Theoretical framework ..................................................................................................... 7 1.6.1 Translation and Culture ............................................................................................. 7 1.6.1.1 Translation Strategies for Culture-Specific Items ............................................ 10 1.6.1.2 CSI Translation in the I.R.I (Islamic Republic of Iran) Constitution and Civil Code.............................................................................................................................. 13 1.6.1.3 Metaphor as a Part of Culture .......................................................................... 15 1.6.2 Newmark’s strategies .............................................................................................. 15 1.6.3 Definition of Key Terms ......................................................................................... 17