............................................................................................................................................ 5 Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................................ 7 List of Tables .................................................................................................................................... 11 List of Boxes .................................................................................................................................... 11 List of Figures .................................................................................................................................. 12 List of Pictures ................................................................................................................................. 13 List of Acronyms .............................................................................................................................. 14 Chapter One .................................................................................................................................... 15 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 15 1.1Background of the study: ....................................................................................................... 15 1.2 Research Context and Rationale: .......................................................................................... 16 1.3 Objectives of the Research: .................................................................................................. 17 1.4 Concepts and Variables used in the Study: ........................................................................... 17 1.5 Research Methodology ......................................................................................................... 19 1.6 Limitations of the Study: ....................................................................................................... 19 Chapter Two .................................................................................................................................... 20 Literature Review ............................................................................................................................ 20 Chapter Three ................................................................................................................................. 26 Case Study of Khan Tea Estate ........................................................................................................ 26 3.1 Tea Gardens of Bangladesh: .................................................................................................. 26 3.2 Case Study Area: ................................................................................................................... 26 3.3 Findings and Analysis ............................................................................................................ 28 3.3.1 Location: ......................................................................................................................... 28 3.3.2 Tea Gardens in Jaintiapur Upazila: ................................................................................. 28 10 3.3.3 Khan Tea Estate: ............................................................................................................. 29 3.3.3.1 History of the Garden: ................................................................................................. 29 3.3.3.2 Land Use and Infrastructure: ...................................................................................... 30 3.3.3.3 Population and Labour Force: ..................................................................................... 36 3.3.3.4 Demography and Castes: ............................................................................................ 39 3.3.3.5 Living Condition and Housing Facilities: ...................................................................... 43 3.3.3.6 Literacy and Education Facilities ................................................................................. 48 3.3.3.7 Wage and Income: ...................................................................................................... 55 3.3.3.8 Medical and Recreational facilities ............................................................................. 63 3.3.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 69 Chapter Four ................................................................................................................................... 71 Conclusion and Recommendations ................................................................................................. 71 4.1 Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 71 4.1.1 Specific Recommendation for Improving Labourer’s Life and Reduction of Poverty: ... 71 4.1.2. Overall Recommendation for a Sustainable Tea Industry: ........................................... 72 4.2 Conclusion: ............................................................................................................................ 73 Bibliography: ................................................................................................................................... 75 Annexure: ........................................................................................................................................ 77 Annexure 1. Tea Cultivation and Culture: ................................................................................... 77 Annexure 2. Types of Tea ............................................................................................................ 78 Annexure 3. An Overview of Tea Industry of Bangladesh:......................................................... 79 Annexure 4. Field Survey Questionnaire ..................................................................................... 87