. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Purpose and rationale for review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Policy and practice background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Research background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Review questions and approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Scope and definitional issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Authors, funders and other users of the review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 2. Methods of the review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Type of review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 User involvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Identifying and describing studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 In-depth review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 3. What research was found? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Classroom Quality Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Institutional Quality Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 4. What were the findings of the studies? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5. Implications, or ‘What does this mean?’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Strengths and limitations of this systematic review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Implications for policy, practice and research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 General references in the text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Referenced studies included in the in-depth review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Appendix 1 Authorship of this report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Appendix 2 The standard EPPI-Centre systematic review process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 List of abbreviations ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder AEI Australian Education Index ASSIA Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts BEI British Education Index CERUK Current Educational Research in the United Kingdom CQS Classroom Quality Standards DCSF Department for Children, Schools and Families DfEE Department for Education and Employment DfES Department for Education and Skills EPPI-Centre The Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre ERIC Education Resources Information Centre GEI Gifted Education International G and T gifted and talented HAS high ability studies IBSS International Biography of the Social Sciences IOE Institute of Education IQS Institutional Quality Standards JAA Journal of Advanced Academics (previously JSGE) JSGE Journal of Secondary Gifted Education OFSTED The Office for Standards in Education REEL The Research Evidence in Education Library SES socio-economic status SNAP Scottish Network for Able Pupils SSCI Social Science Citation Index SSRU Social Science Research Unit WoE weight of evidence WWC What Works Clearinghouse