Prison Architect

This study identifies the factors related to mental health service use among children of incarcerated mothers. Data on 700… Expand

Ensuring that Black Lives Matter in schools requires seismic shifts including excavating the ongoing practices and policies that… Expand

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv 1 The Expansion of an “Alternative” to Incarceration during the Prison Boom 1 The Paradox of Probation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Probation Then and Now . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Research on Parole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Probation and the Punitive Turn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Probation and Public Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Plan of the Dissertation: Toward a New Understanding of Probation Supervision . . . . . 15 2 The Paradox of Probation: Community Supervision in the Age of Mass Incarceration 18 Explaining the Rise (and Reversal?) of Mass Incarceration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Perspectives on Probation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 The Paradox of Probation Institutional Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Measuring Probation-Prison Link Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Data and Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Untangling Probation and Incarceration Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 xi National Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 State-Level Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Regression Models Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 The Paradox of Probation and Recent Downsizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 3 Reconceptualizing the Scale of Punishment: State Variation in Mass Probation 56 The Missing Piece of the Punitive Turn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Defining Mass Probation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Reconceptualizing the Scale of Punishment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Data and Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 The Expansion of Carceral States, 1980-2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Determinants of Supervision Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Caution in Modeling the Determinants of Probation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 4 From Managing Risk to Reforming Punishment: The Development of Mass Probation in Michigan 88 Contesting the Decline of Rehabilitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Revisiting Probation’s History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Data and Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Results: Mass Probation in Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 

The increase in prisons and the policing of schools are both rooted in the convergence of neoliberalism, conservatism, and penal… Expand

 

Australia embarked upon a number of private prison projects during the 1990's. These projects involved the competitive bidding… Expand

 

This article examines the role and training of prison officers in England, between 1877 and 1914. It is concerned with the… Expand

Research on family structure and child wellbeing has demonstrated both that growing up with a single parent is disadvantageous to… Expand