PAHD

..................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 4 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. 6 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 7 1.0 Theoretical framework ......................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Social identity theory and contact hypothesis .................................................................. 9 1.2 Reconciliation................................................................................................................. 14 1.3 Former combatants and DDR ......................................................................................... 18 1.4 State action through public policy .................................................................................. 24 2.0 Research Design................................................................................................................. 26 2.1 Colombia as a crucial-case for DDR .............................................................................. 26 2.2 Groups of analysis .......................................................................................................... 27 2.2.1 Recently deserted combatants enrolled in the PAHD – G1 ..................................... 27 2.2.2 Persons in process of reintegration (PPR) – G2 ..................................................... 28 2.3 Variables and indicators ................................................................................................. 29 2.4 Methodology and sources............................................................................................... 30 3.0 Context ............................................................................................................................... 32 3.1 Historical review ............................................................................................................ 33 3.1.1 FARC – EP .............................................................................................................. 34 3.1.2 ELN .......................................................................................................................... 35 3.1.3 Other guerrillas: M-19, EPL, PRT and MAQL ....................................................... 36 3.1.4 The drug cartels ....................................................................................................... 37 3.1.5 The paramilitary phenomenon................................................................................. 37 3.1.6 The BACRIM............................................................................................................ 39 3.2 Legal and policy context ................................................................................................ 39 3.3 Government programs for ex-combatants ...................................................................... 42 4.0 Acknowledgment of wrongdoings ..................................................................................... 45 4.1Views towards victims’ sufferings .................................................................................. 46 4.2 Views towards asking for forgiveness ........................................................................... 50 5.0 Narratives of war memories ............................................................................................... 54 

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