............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Material and methods ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Results ................................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Mecistocephalidae of the Japanese and Taiwanese islands ................................................................................................ 7 Arrup Chamberlin, 1912 ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Arrup holstii (Pocock, 1895) ............................................................................................................................. 8 Arrup sauteri (Silvestri, 1919) ........................................................................................................................ 11 Arrup dentatus (Takakuwa, 1934) ................................................................................................................... 13 Arrup obtusus (Takakuwa, 1934) .................................................................................................................... 15 Arrup areolatus (Shinohara, 1957) ................................................................................................................. 16 Arrup ishiianus n. sp. ...................................................................................................................................... 17 Arrup kyushuensis n. sp. .................................................................................................................................. 19 Arrup lilliputianus n. sp. ................................................................................................................................. 22 Arrup longicalix n. sp. ..................................................................................................................................... 23 Agnostrup Foddai, Bonato, Pereira & Minelli, 2003 ................................................................................................ 24 Agnostrup paucipes (Miyosi, 1955) ................................................................................................................ 26 Dicellophilus Cook, 1896 ......................................................................................................................................... 26 Dicellophilus pulcher (Kishida, 1928) ............................................................................................................ 27 Mecistocephalus Newport, 1843 ............................................................................................................................... 30 Mecistocephalus nannocornis Chamberlin, 1920 ........................................................................................... 30 Mecistocephalus momotoriensis Takakuwa, 1938 .......................................................................................... 32 Mecistocephalus satumensis Takakuwa, 1938 ................................................................................................ 34 Mecistocephalus rubriceps Wood, 1862 ......................................................................................................... 35 Mecistocephalus monticolens Chamberlin, 1920 ........................................................................................... 38 Mecistocephalus mikado Attems, 1928 .......................................................................................................... 39 Mecistocephalus brevisternalis Takakuwa, 1934 ........................................................................................... 41 Mecistocephalus marmoratus Verhoeff, 1934 ................................................................................................ 42 Mecistocephalus ongi Takakuwa, 1934 .......................................................................................................... 44 Mecistocephalus longichilatus Takakuwa, 1936 ............................................................................................ 45 Mecistocephalus multidentatus Takakuwa, 1936 ............................................................................................ 47 Mecistocephalus pauroporus Takakuwa, 1936 ............................................................................................... 48 Mecistocephalus yamashinai Takakuwa, 1936............................................................................................... 49 Mecistocephalus changi n. sp. ........................................................................................................................ 51 Mecistocephalus karasawai n. sp. .................................................................................................................. 53