.......................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction
................................................................................................................................. 5 Knowledge Management (KM): Definitions and Scope................................................................. 7 Knowledge Management as the Use of Data and Information ............................................ 8 The Objectives of Knowledge Management ........................................................................ 9 Knowledge Networks and Educational Systems........................................................................... 11 The Level-of-Analysis Problem......................................................................................... 11 Increasing Access to Computing Power............................................................................. 12 Student Data as the Basic Unit of Analysis........................................................................ 13 Variations in Organizational Approaches to Knowledge Management............................. 15 Risk versus Investment in Information Technologies........................................................ 18 Expected Benefits from Technological Innovations ..................................................................... 19 Efforts to Reform School Data-Management Practices .................................................... 22 An Example of Mismatched Rationalities: The MPS Case Study................................................ 24 The Districts Technology Strategic Plan ......................................................................... 24 The Case of 8th Grade High Stakes .................................................................................. 26 Preliminary Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 29 References ..................................................................................................................................... 31