................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................iii List of Abbreviations................................................................................................................ v Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1: “Ploughing the Ocean”: England, India, and the Voyage abroad the Jupiter .......... 14 Preconceptions of India ............................................................................................. 16 Life in England ......................................................................................................... 22 Preparation for the Jupiter........................................................................................... 24 Farewells from Portsmouth ....................................................................................... 29 Chapter 2: “To Rack and Ruin”: India and the Physical Comforts and Discomforts of Daily Routine, Climate, and Housing ..................................................................................... 33 Climate ...................................................................................................................... 35 Daily Routine ............................................................................................................ 40 Gardens, Landscape, and the Picturesque ................................................................... 43 Housing, Gender, and Airing ...................................................................................... 49 Chapter 3: “To Dream of England”: Separation, Identity Loss, and Isolation in the Subcontinent ......................................................................................................................... 53 Letters, Print Culture, and Material Goods ................................................................ 55 Class, Race, and Civilization ..................................................................................... 65 Indianization .............................................................................................................. 75