...................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... ii List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. x List of Equations ...................................................................................................................... xii List of Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. xiii Chapter 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background and research rationale ................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Marine Renewable Energy ......................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 The Ecosystem Approach to marine management ..................................................... 6 1.1.3 The Ecosystem Approach to Marine Renewable Energy ......................................... 10 1.2 Aims and objectives ........................................................................................................ 11 1.3 Thesis layout ................................................................................................................... 13 Chapter 2 The potential consequences of MRED installations on users of the sea: a ‘Rapid Review’. .................................................................................................................................... 16 2.