n-6 Fatty acid-specific and mixed polyunsaturate dietary interventions have different effects on CHD risk: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

@article{Ramsden2010n6FA,
  title={n-6 Fatty acid-specific and mixed polyunsaturate dietary interventions have different effects on CHD risk: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials},
  author={Christopher E. Ramsden and Joseph Hibbeln and Sharon F Majchrzak and John M. Davis},
  journal={British Journal of Nutrition},
  year={2010},
  volume={104},
  pages={1586 - 1600}
}
Randomised controlled trials (RCT) of mixed n-6 and n-3 PUFA diets, and meta-analyses of their CHD outcomes, have been considered decisive evidence in specifically advising consumption of 'at least 5-10 % of energy as n-6 PUFA'. [] Key Method Here we (1) performed an extensive literature search and extracted detailed dietary and outcome data enabling a critical examination of all RCT that increased PUFA and reported relevant CHD outcomes; (2) determined if dietary interventions increased n-6 PUFA with…
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271 Citations

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All PUFAs are not created equal: absence of CHD benefit specific to linoleic acid in randomized controlled trials and prospective observational cohorts.
TLDR
It is established that a clear distinction was not made between n–3 and n–6 PUFAs in pooled analyses of randomized and nonrandomized trials, and the necessity of making aclear distinction between PUFA species for interpreting the results of clinical trials and formulating dietary guidelines is highlighted.
Dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiologic evidence.
  • Dong D. Wang
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    Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids
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The effect of replacing saturated fat with mostly n-6 polyunsaturated fat on coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
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Replacing SFA with mostly n-6 PUFA is unlikely to reduce CHD events, CHD mortality or total mortality, and the suggestion of benefits reported in earlier meta-analyses is due to the inclusion of inadequately controlled trials.
Omega-3 Supplementation and Heart Disease: A Population-Based Diet by Gene Analysis of Clinical Trial Outcomes
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The role of a FADS gene-by-dietary PUFA interaction model that takes into consideration dietary exposure, including the intake of LA and ALA, n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in determining the efficacy of n- 3 PUFA supplementation is discussed.
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n-6 Fatty acids and risk for CHD: consider all the evidence.
TLDR
The total body of evidence continues to support the view that higher consumption of n-6 PUFA lowers the risk of CHD, and together with emerging evidence on cardiovascular benefits of ALA, it would be reasonable to recommend increased consumption of both forms of PUFA.
Circulating Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality: The Cardiovascular Health Study
TLDR
High circulating linoleic acid, but not other n-6 PUFA, was inversely associated with total and CHD mortality in older adults, and lowest risk was evident with highest levels of both.
Intake and metabolism of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: nutritional implications for cardiometabolic diseases.
Plasma fatty acid changes following consumption of dietary oils containing n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acids at different proportions: preliminary findings of the Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial (COMIT)
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The mean plasma total DHA concentrations, which were analyzed among all participants as a measure of adherence, increased by more than 100% in the DHA-enriched phase, compared to other phases, demonstrating excellent dietary adherence.
DHA-enriched high-oleic acid canola oil improves lipid profile and lowers predicted cardiovascular disease risk in the canola oil multicenter randomized controlled trial.
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Consumption of CanolaDHA, a novel DHA-rich canola oil, improves HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure, thereby reducing FRS compared with other oils varying in unsaturated fatty acid composition.
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