mTORC1 and muscle regeneration are regulated by the LINC00961-encoded SPAR polypeptide

@article{Matsumoto2017mTORC1AM,
  title={mTORC1 and muscle regeneration are regulated by the LINC00961-encoded SPAR polypeptide},
  author={Akinobu Matsumoto and Alessandra Pasut and Masaki Matsumoto and Riu Yamashita and Jacqueline Fung and Emanuele Monteleone and Alan Saghatelian and Keiichi I. Nakayama and John Gerard Clohessy and Pier Paolo Pandolfi},
  journal={Nature},
  year={2017},
  volume={541},
  pages={228-232}
}
Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein-coding transcripts by definition, recent studies have shown that a fraction of putative small open reading frames within lncRNAs are translated. However, the biological significance of these hidden polypeptides is still unclear. Here we identify and functionally characterize a novel polypeptide encoded by the lncRNA LINC00961. This polypeptide is conserved between human and mouse, is localized to the late endosome/lysosome and interacts… 
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SPAR, a lncRNA encoded mTORC1 inhibitor
TLDR
A novel polypeptide is uncovered, which is encoded by the lncRNA LINC00961, and regulates amino acid dependent mTORC1 signaling, and is validated by a mass spectrometry based pipeline to identify lnc RNA translated ORFs.
Long Noncoding RNA: Genomics and Relevance to Physiology.
TLDR
Deep sequencing, coupled with analysis of sequence characteristics, is the primary method used to identify lncRNAs, and Identification of nucleic acids or proteins with which an lncRNA interacts is essential for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying its physiological role.
The LINC00961 transcript and its encoded micropeptide, small regulatory polypeptide of amino acid response, regulate endothelial cell function
TLDR
The LINC00961 locus regulates EC function in vitro and in vivo and produces two molecules with opposing effects on angiogenesis: SPAAR and LINC0961.
Non-coding RNAs Shaping Muscle
TLDR
The recent findings on the mechanisms used by lncRNAs and circRNAs to sustain skeletal and cardiac muscle formation are discussed, paying particular attention to the technological developments that, over the last few years, have aided their genome-wide identification and study.
Translation of noncoding RNAs and cancer.
The Key Lnc (RNA)s in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Development, Regeneration, and Disease
TLDR
Key lncRNAs that function as regulators of development, regeneration, and disease in cardiac and skeletal muscle and the contributions of these loci on the regulation of gene expression are highlighted.
The LINC00961 transcript and its encoded micropeptide SPAAR regulate endothelial cell function.
TLDR
The functional importance of a micropeptide-encoding RNA transcript in the vascular endothelium is described and dissected, and it is demonstrated that both the RNA and the peptide regulate endothelial biology.
An integrative proteogenomics approach reveals peptides encoded by annotated lincRNA in the mouse kidney inner medulla.
TLDR
This work proposes an integrative workflow for lincRNA-encoded peptide discovery and tested it on the mouse kidney inner medulla, discovering three novel lincRNAs, which are conserved in mouse, rat, and human.
Long Non-Coding RNAs in Metabolic Organs and Energy Homeostasis
TLDR
This work reviews lncRNAs affecting metabolic organs with a focus on the liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, brain, and adipose organ, and discusses the impact of lnc RNAs on metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.
A ubiquitin-like protein encoded by the "noncoding" RNA TINCR promotes keratinocyte proliferation and wound healing.
TLDR
It is shown that TINCR encodes a ubiquitin-like protein that is well conserved among species and whose expression was confirmed by the generation of mice harboring a FLAG epitope tag sequence in the endogenous open reading frame as well as by targeted proteomics.
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