Y chromosome haplogroups of elite Ethiopian endurance runners

@article{Moran2004YCH,
  title={Y chromosome haplogroups of elite Ethiopian endurance runners},
  author={Colin N. Moran and Robert A Scott and Susan M. Adams and Samantha J. Warrington and Mark A. Jobling and Richard H Wilson and William Goodwin and Evelina Georgiades and Bezabhe Wolde and Yannis P. Pitsiladis},
  journal={Human Genetics},
  year={2004},
  volume={115},
  pages={492-497}
}
Favourable genetic endowment has been proposed as part of the explanation for the success of East African endurance athletes, but no evidence has yet been presented. The Y chromosome haplogroup distribution of elite Ethiopian athletes (n=62) was compared with that of the general Ethiopian population (n=95) and a control group from Arsi (a region producing a disproportionate number of athletes; n=85). Athletes belonged to three groups: marathon runners (M; n=23), 5–km to 10–km runners (5–10K; n… 
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Results suggest that genetically, the dominance of Israeli long-distance runners of Ethiopian origin relates not only to endurance polymorphisms but also to polymorphisms associated with enhanced speed performance and better training recovery ability.
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The composition of elite Kenyan endurance runners diet and assess their energy balance status prior to major competition using "gold standard" methods are determined and the fluid intake behaviours of the world's best marathon runners during racing are determined.
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TLDR
Kenyan and Ethiopian distance-running success appears to be the result of favorable somatotypical characteristics lending to exceptional biomechanical and metabolic economy/efficiency; chronic exposure to altitude in combination with moderate-volume, high-intensity training (live high + train high), and a strong psychological motivation to succeed athletically for the purpose of economic and social advancement.
Genotypes and Distance Running
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There is no genetic evidence to suggest that African athletes have a genetic advantage for physical performance, and the only available genetic studies of elite African athletes do not find that these athletes possess a unique genetic makeup.
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