Would they dope? Revisiting the Goldman dilemma
@article{Connor2013WouldTD, title={Would they dope? Revisiting the Goldman dilemma}, author={James Connor and Jules Woolf and Jason Mazanov}, journal={British Journal of Sports Medicine}, year={2013}, volume={47}, pages={697 - 700} }
Background/aim Discussions of doping often report Goldman's sensational results that half of the elite athletes asked would take a drug that guaranteed sporting success which would also result in their death in 5 years’ time. There has never been any effort to assess the properties of the ‘Goldman dilemma’ or replicate the results in the post World Anti-Doping Agency context. This research evaluated the dilemma with contemporary elite athletes. Methods Participants at an elite-level track and…
33 Citations
The Goldman Dilemma is dead: what elite athletes really think about doping, winning, and death
- Education
- 2017
ABSTRACT In the 1980s and 1990s, Goldman’s eponymous ‘Dilemma’ asked if athletes would take a substance that guaranteed sporting glory but killed them in 5 years. The 50% acceptance rate was widely…
Dying to win?: the Goldman Dilemma in legend and fact
- Psychology
- 2017
One of the implicit justifications for antidoping is that athletes are so committed to winning that they will take performance-enhancing substances regardless of the apparent consequences. Athletes…
Trading Health Risks for Glory: A Reformulation of the Goldman Dilemma
- MedicineSports Medicine
- 2018
It is suggested that very few athletes would be expected to accept a PED in the bargain postulated by the Goldman dilemma, and risk tolerance among elite athletes suggest they may be more aware of the potential financial and nonfinancial benefits of such a win, and/or less optimistic about their potential to move up in the level of competition without the use of PEDs.
An (un)desirable trade of harms? How elite athletes might react to medically supervised 'doping' and their considerations of side-effects in this situation.
- Medicine, EducationThe International journal on drug policy
- 2018
How athletes conceptualise doping, winning, and consequences: insights from using the cognitive interviewing technique with the Goldman dilemma
- Education
- 2017
Abstract Theorising on athlete doping has tended to focus on the creation of deductive models. Such models make assumptions on the ways in which athletes conceptualise issues surrounding doping. This…
Genetic doping: WADA we do about the future of ‘cheating’ in sport?
- EducationThe International Sports Law Journal
- 2019
Due to developments in science and biotechnology, the concept of ‘gene doping’ is emerging as the number one threat to fair play in sport. This procedure, which involves the manipulation of one’s…
What do the humanities (really) know about doping? Questions, answers and cross-disciplinary strategies
- Education
- 2013
Psychological and behavioural factors of unintentional doping: A preliminary systematic review
- Psychology
- 2020
In some cases, doping in sport is an intentional goal-directed behaviour, but research suggests that it might also occur accidentally when athletes inadvertently or unintentionally consume banned…
Prevalence of Doping Use in Elite Sports: A Review of Numbers and Methods
- EducationSports Medicine
- 2014
This review outlines the various methods that exist and presents the scarce data available in this area and concludes that a combination of questionnaires using the Randomised Response Technique and models of biological parameters is able to provide the statistical possibilities to reveal accurate estimates of this often undisclosed practice.
Would Relaxation of the Anti-doping Rule Lead to Red Queen Effects?
- PhilosophySport, Ethics and Philosophy
- 2020
ABSTRACT One of the claims sometimes advanced in favour of anti-doping is that allowing doping would lead to a uniform increase in performance in comparison to no doping. The idea is that if all…
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 35 REFERENCES
Would you dope? A general population test of the Goldman dilemma
- EducationBritish Journal of Sports Medicine
- 2009
Athletes differ markedly from the general population in response to Goldman's dilemma, which raises significant practical and ethical dilemmas for athlete support personnel.
What would Kim do: a choice study of projected athlete doping considerations.
- Education
- 2012
This paper reports on an empirical discrete choice model of the factors influencing a hypothetical athlete’s deliberations around using prohibited performance enhancing substances (doping) developed…
Doping and supplementation: the attitudes of talented young athletes
- EducationScandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
- 2012
There was a significant association between the projected use of the hypothetical drug by competitors and the individual respondent's willingness to take the hypothetically “magic” substance and the strength of their beliefs in the face of a tempting hypothetical scenario.
A Conceptual Framework for Achieving Performance Enhancing Drug Compliance in Sport
- EducationSports medicine
- 2002
A preliminary compliance model demonstrated that a comprehensive, fully integrated programme is necessary for maximal effect, and provides anti-doping agencies with a structured framework for strategic planning and implementing interventions.
Elite athletes’ duty to provide information on their whereabouts: Justifiable anti-doping work or an indefensible surveillance regime?
- Education
- 2009
Abstract In this article, we explain and reflect critically upon the athlete whereabouts reporting system in top-level sports initiated by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). This system makes it…
Psychological drivers in doping: The life-cycle model of performance enhancement
- PsychologySubstance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy
- 2008
A hypothesized life-cycle model of PE identifies vulnerability factors across the stages of athlete development with the view of informing the design of anti-doping assessment and intervention and suggests deterrence strategies are likely to be more effective.
Medication Use in Athletes Selected for Doping Control at the Sydney Olympics (2000)
- MedicineClinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine
- 2003
The trends seen in this survey point to a dangerous overuse of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and an unnecessary over use of vitamins in this population, while pointing out the increased prevalence of asthma and the dangers of drug interactions.
An empirical model of athlete decisions to use performance‐enhancing drugs: qualitative evidence
- Education
- 2010
Models of athlete decisions to use performance‐enhancing substance and method (PESM) lack an empirical base. In this paper, the validity of the content (variables thought to influence use) and…
Towards an empirical model of performance enhancing supplement use: a pilot study among high performance UK athletes.
- EducationJournal of science and medicine in sport
- 2008
Self‐admitted behavior and perceived use of performance‐enhancing vs psychoactive drugs among competitive athletes
- PsychologyScandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
- 2011
The relationships between projected use, self‐reported behavior and attitudes to performance‐enhancing (PED) and recreational (RD) drugs were investigated among 82 competitive Hungarian athletes,…