William Johannsen and the genotype concept
@article{Churchill1974WilliamJA,
title={William Johannsen and the genotype concept},
author={Frederick B. Churchill},
journal={Journal of the History of Biology},
year={1974},
volume={7},
pages={5-30}
}Recent secondary literature on the rise of modern genetics has begun to drag out of the shadows of historical neglect one of the major accomplishments in the history of biology. I refer to the conceptual distinction drawn between "phenotypes" and "genotypes," the use, if not the full meaning of which was fashioned in 1909 by Wilhelm Johannsen. Vorzimmer in his study of Darwin's later years has indicated how unaware Darwin and his contemporaries were of this distinction.' Both Allen and I have…
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