Wide-pulse-width, high-frequency neuromuscular stimulation: implications for functional electrical stimulation.

@article{Baldwin2006WidepulsewidthHN,
  title={Wide-pulse-width, high-frequency neuromuscular stimulation: implications for functional electrical stimulation.},
  author={Evan R. L. Baldwin and Piotr M. Klakowicz and David F. Collins},
  journal={Journal of applied physiology},
  year={2006},
  volume={101 1},
  pages={
          228-40
        }
}
Electrical stimulation (1-ms pulses, 100 Hz) produces more torque than expected from motor axon activation (extra contractions). This experiment investigates the most effective method of delivering this stimulation for neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Surface stimulation (1-ms pulses; 20 Hz for 2 s, 100 Hz for 2 s, 20 Hz for 3 s) was delivered to triceps surae and wrist flexors (muscle stimulation) and to median and tibial nerves (nerve stimulation) at two intensities. Contractions were… 
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115 References

Contribution of M-waves and H-reflexes to contractions evoked by tetanic nerve stimulation in humans.

Enhanced H-reflexes contributed to extra plantarflexion, however, other factors generated extra dorsiflexion.

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