Why trypanosomes cause sleeping sickness.
@article{Lundkvist2004WhyTC, title={Why trypanosomes cause sleeping sickness.}, author={Gabriella B. S. Lundkvist and Krister Kristensson and Marina Bentivoglio}, journal={Physiology}, year={2004}, volume={19}, pages={ 198-206 } }
African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness is hallmarked by sleep and wakefulness disturbances. In contrast to other infections, there is no hypersomnia, but the sleep pattern is fragmented. This overview discusses that the causative agents, the parasites Trypanosoma brucei, target circumventricular organs in the brain, causing inflammatory responses in hypothalamic structures that may lead to dysfunctions in the circadian-timing and sleep-regulatory systems.
76 Citations
Sleeping Sickness: A Tale of Two Clocks
- BiologyFrontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
- 2020
Research on sleeping sickness parasite biology and the impact it has on host health is summarized and the possible evolutionary advantages of sleep and circadian deregulation for the parasite are considered.
Sleeping sickness is a circadian disorder
- BiologyNature Communications
- 2017
It is shown that the robust circadian rhythms of mice become phase advanced upon infection, with abnormal activity occurring during the rest phase, and proposed that T. brucei causes an advanced circadian rhythm disorder, previously associated only with mutations in clock genes, which leads to changes in the timing of sleep.
African Trypanosomiasis.
- MedicineThe New England journal of medicine
- 2016
Man is the main reservoir for Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, through its chronic form with long latency period, although animals can act as reservoirs but evidence is scanty.
Trypanosomiasis and the brain
- BiologyParasitology
- 2009
Although a great deal of progress has been made in recent years, the advent and application of sophisticated analysis techniques, to decipher the complexities of HAT pathogenesis, herald an exciting and rewarding period for advances in trypanosome research.
African trypanosomes and brain infection – the unsolved question
- BiologyBiological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
- 2017
Experimental results that support crossing of the blood–brain barrier and of theBlood–CSF barrier are listed and the implications that either pathway would have on infection progress and on the survival strategy of the parasite are discussed.
Human African trypanosomiasis in endemic populations and travellers
- MedicineEuropean Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
- 2011
The symptomatology of travellers is markedly different from the usual textbook descriptions of African HAT patients and a promising new drug combination is currently evaluated in a phase 3 b study and further new drugs are under evaluation.
A link between chemokine levels and disease severity in human African trypanosomiasis.
- Biology, MedicineInternational journal for parasitology
- 2006
Tissue tropism in parasitic diseases
- BiologyOpen Biology
- 2019
Current knowledge of tissue tropism in Trypanosoma infections in mammals is discussed, potential mechanisms of tissue entry are described, relevant findings from other parasitology fields are discussed, and new questions raised by recent discoveries are reflected.
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