What's in Placebos: Who Knows? Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials
@article{Golomb2010WhatsIP, title={What's in Placebos: Who Knows? Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials}, author={Beatrice Alexandra Golomb and Laura C. Erickson and Sabrina Koperski and D Sack and Murray W. Enkin and Jeremy Howick}, journal={Annals of Internal Medicine}, year={2010}, volume={153}, pages={532 - 535} }
BACKGROUND
No regulations govern placebo composition. The composition of placebos can influence trial outcomes and merits reporting.
PURPOSE
To assess how often investigators specify the composition of placebos in randomized, placebo-controlled trials.
DATA SOURCES
4 English-language general and internal medicine journals with high impact factors.
STUDY SELECTION
3 reviewers screened titles and abstracts of the journals to identify randomized, placebo-controlled trials published from…
55 Citations
TIDieR-Placebo: A guide and checklist for reporting placebo and sham controls
- Medicine, PsychologyPLoS medicine
- 2020
A modification of the existing Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist, which allows the key features of both active interventions and placebo or sham controls to be concisely summarised by researchers.
Are Treatments More Effective than Placebos? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Medicine, PsychologyPloS one
- 2013
Treatment and placebo effects were not different in 22 out of 28 predefined subgroup analyses, and when all criteria for reducing bias were ruled out (continuous outcomes) placebos were more effective than treatments.
The Definition of Placebo in the Informed Consent Forms of Clinical Trials
- Medicine, PsychologyPloS one
- 2014
Aim Lack of knowledge concerning the nature of placebo and why it is necessary may influence the participation of patients in clinical trials. The objective of the present study is to review how…
When and Why Placebo-Prescribing Is Acceptable and Unacceptable: A Focus Group Study of Patients' Views
- Medicine, PsychologyPloS one
- 2014
When and why placebo-prescribing in primary care might be acceptable and unacceptable to patients is identified and optimal ways of harnessing placebo effects in clinical practice are needed.
A history of the placebo
- Medicine
- 2015
This study examines different treatments that have been applied throughout the history of medicine and finds the placebo effect is very important in clinical trials, considering that the placebo is the gold standard against which treatments are compared in these studies.
Empirical evidence against placebo controls
- Medicine, PsychologyJournal of Medical Ethics
- 2017
The evidence presented in this paper suggests that the Declaration of Helsinki be reconsidered, and perhaps revised, in light of actual practice, and what clinical investigators believe to be ethically acceptable.
Selective reporting of outcomes in randomised trials can bias conclusions of systematic reviews
- Psychology, Medicine
- 2011
Systematic reviews are generally viewed as the highest levels of evidence but inadequate reporting could bias results, and among the 42 systematic reviews that reported statistically signifi cant results, 8 of 42 became non-signifi cant, and 11 of 42 overestimated the treatment effect.
What Are the Benefits of a New Placebo Language?
- SociologyPerspectives in biology and medicine
- 2018
The benefits of new terms such as "meaning response" and "contextual healing" allow for clearer descriptions of phenomena and wider appreciation of the contextual aspects of medical practice.
Using placebo medications in the clinical setting - an intellectual game or a possible reality?
- Medicine, PsychologyThe Israel journal of psychiatry and related sciences
- 2014
Current use of placebo treatments in the healthcare system is described and it is suggested that placebo therapy thrives and that its therapeutic efficacy is widely acknowledged.
A systematic review finds underreporting of ethics approval, informed consent, and incentives in clinical trials.
- Medicine, PsychologyJournal of clinical epidemiology
- 2017
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 31 REFERENCES
CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
- MedicineBMJ : British Medical Journal
- 2010
This update of the CONSORT statement improves the wording and clarity of the previous checklist and incorporates recommendations related to topics that have only recently received recognition, such as selective outcome reporting bias.
Doctoring the Evidence: The Case Against Lying to Patients about Placebos
- MedicineThe American journal of bioethics : AJOB
- 2009
Adverse effects arise in users of placebos independent of any that may stem from expectation, and placebos are made of something, and there is no something known to be physiologically inert (much less in all individuals).
Sham device v inert pill: randomised controlled trial of two placebo treatments
- Medicine, PsychologyBMJ : British Medical Journal
- 2006
The sham device had greater effects than the placebo pill on self reported pain and severity of symptoms over the entire course of treatment but not during the two week placebo run in, appearing to be malleable and depend on the behaviours embedded in medical rituals.
Ischaemic heart disease: a secondary prevention trial using clofibrate. Report by a research committee of the Scottish Society of Physicians.
- MedicineBritish medical journal
- 1971
The main conclusion of this trial is that clofibrate had a beneficial effect in reducing mortality and, to a lesser extent, morbidity in patients who presented with angina ("all anginas").
Mechanisms of the placebo effect of sweet cough syrups
- MedicineRespiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
- 2006
Controlled trial of megestrol acetate for the treatment of cancer anorexia and cachexia.
- Medicine, PsychologyJournal of the National Cancer Institute
- 1990
This study convincingly demonstrated that megestrol acetate can stimulate appetite and food intake in patients with anorexia and cachexia associated with cancer, leading to significant weight gain in a proportion of such patients.
Ischaemic Heart Disease: A Secondary Prevention Trial Using Clofibrate
- Medicine
- 1971
The main conclusion of this trial is that clofibrate had a beneficial effect in reducing mortality and, to a lesser extent, morbidity in patients who presented with angina (“all anginas”).
Influence of aerobic exercise on depression.
- PsychologyJournal of personality and social psychology
- 1984
The results indicated that subjects in the aerobic exercise condition evidenced reliably greater improvements in aerobic capacity than did the subjects in either of the other conditions (p less than .002 in both cases).