WNK protein kinases modulate cellular Cl- flux by altering the phosphorylation state of the Na-K-Cl and K-Cl cotransporters.

@article{Kahle2006WNKPK,
  title={WNK protein kinases modulate cellular Cl- flux by altering the phosphorylation state of the Na-K-Cl and K-Cl cotransporters.},
  author={Kristopher T. Kahle and Jesse Rinehart and Aaron M. Ring and Ignacio Gim{\'e}nez and Gerardo Gamba and Steven C. Hebert and Richard P Lifton},
  journal={Physiology},
  year={2006},
  volume={21},
  pages={
          326-35
        }
}
Precise control of cellular Cl(-) transport is necessary for many fundamental physiological processes. For example, the intracellular concentration of Cl(-), fine-tuned through the coordinated action of cellular Cl(-) influx and efflux mechanisms, determines whether a neuron's response to GABA is excitatory or inhibitory. In epithelia, synchrony between apical and basolateral Cl(-) flux, and transcellular and paracellular Cl(-) transport, is necessary for efficient transepithelial Cl… 

Figures from this paper

Regulatory Activation Is Accompanied by Movement in the C Terminus of the Na-K-Cl Cotransporter (NKCC1)*
TLDR
It is suggested that the NKCC1 C terminus is involved in transport regulation and that dimerization may play a key structural role in the regulatory process, as well as contributing to a model for understanding the conformational changes that bring about cotransporter regulation.
Roles of the cation–chloride cotransporters in neurological disease
TLDR
In the nervous system, the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl−]i) determines the strength and polarity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated neurotransmission and represents attractive therapeutic targets in neurological disorders the pathogenesis of which involves deranged cellular chloride homoestasis.
WNK2 Kinase Is a Novel Regulator of Essential Neuronal Cation-Chloride Cotransporters*
TLDR
It is shown that WNK2, unlike other WNKs, is not expressed in kidney; rather, it is a neuron-enriched kinase primarily expressed in neocortical pyramidal cells, thalamic relay cells, and cerebellar granule and Purkinje cells in both the developing and adult brain.
Emerging role of WNK1 in pathologic central nervous system signaling
TLDR
This review will focus on current research about WNK1, its downstream effectors and role in GABA signaling, and future perspectives include investigating W NK1 expression in the CNS after spinal cord injury (SCI), where altered neuronal signaling could underlie pathological states such as neuropathic pain (NP).
...
1
2
3
4
5
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 91 REFERENCES
WNK3 modulates transport of Cl- in and out of cells: implications for control of cell volume and neuronal excitability.
TLDR
WNK3 is suggested to be part of the Cl(-)/volume-sensing mechanism necessary for the maintenance of cell volume during osmotic stress and the dynamic modulation of GABA neurotransmission.
WNK3 bypasses the tonicity requirement for K-Cl cotransporter activation via a phosphatase-dependent pathway.
TLDR
The data suggest that WNK3 is a crucial component of the kinase/phosphatase signaling pathway that coordinately regulates the Cl- influx and efflux branches of the SLC12A cotransporter family.
Coordinate modulation of Na-K-2Cl cotransport and K-Cl cotransport by cell volume and chloride.
TLDR
The results indicate that NKCC and KCC are reciprocally regulated by a negative feedback system dually modulated by cell volume and [Cl(-)].
The Na-K-Cl cotransporter of secretory epithelia.
TLDR
This review focuses on structure-function relationships within NKCC1 and on recent developments pertaining toNKCC1 regulation at cellular and molecular levels.
K-Cl Cotransport: Properties and Molecular Mechanism
TLDR
K-Cl COT emerges as one of the oldest membrane transporters that is controlled by a complex redox-dependent cascade of kinases and phosphatases, yet to be defined at the molecular level.
Regulation of Na-K-2Cl cotransport by phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions.
  • P. Flatman
  • Biology
    Biochimica et biophysica acta
  • 2002
Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport.
TLDR
Although the NKCC has been studied for approximately 20 years, it is only beginning to frame the broad outlines of the structure, function, and regulation of this ubiquitous ion transport mechanism.
Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of electroneutral cation-chloride cotransporters.
  • G. Gamba
  • Biology
    Physiological reviews
  • 2005
TLDR
This work is a comprehensive review of the knowledge that has evolved in this area and includes molecular biology of each gene, functional properties of identified cotransporters, structure-function relationships, and physiological and pathophysiological roles of each cotranporter.
Regulation of K-Cl Cotransport: from Function to Genes
TLDR
The vast literature on K-Cl cotransport (COT) regulation is summarized from a functional and genetic viewpoint, with special attention given to the signaling pathways involved in the transporter’s regulation found in several tissues and cell types, and more specifically, in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).
Regulatory phosphorylation sites in the NH2 terminus of the renal Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC2).
TLDR
It is demonstrated that threonines T99, T104, and T117 comprise a regulatory domain responsible for the activation of NKCC2 in hypertonic solutions, and that under isotonic and hypotonic conditions,NKCC2 retains 50% of its activity in the absence of phosphorylation of the threonine-regulatory domain.
...
1
2
3
4
5
...