Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis

@article{Ascherio2010VitaminDA,
  title={Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis},
  author={Alberto Ascherio and Kassandra L. Munger and Kelly Claire Simon},
  journal={The Lancet Neurology},
  year={2010},
  volume={9},
  pages={599-612}
}
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Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: can vitamin D prevent disease progression?

Although research interest into the relationship between vitamin D and MS risk has continued to increase, many key questions still remain unanswered.

The role of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis.

Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: timing of sampling, treatment and prevention.

The epidemiological data that suggest an environmental factor are further strengthened by migration studies, which show that an individual’s risk for MS decreases if he or she moves from a highto a low-risk area.

Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: Potential pathophysiological role and clinical implications

Hypovitaminosis D is one of the environmental risk factors for MS based on numerous physiological, experimental and epidemiologic data, which can be corrected to provide an effective therapeutic option for this debilitating disease.

Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis

Further prospective studies are needed to identify vitamin D levels during the various phases of MS, including relapses, remissions and progression, and to determine whether correcting vitamin D during any or all of these phases may affect the incidence or even the course of the disease.

Contribution of vitamin D insufficiency to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

While awaiting incontrovertible results, patients with MS who are currently in vitamin D insufficiency should be supplemented, at least for their general health status, using moderate doses of the vitamin.

Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis: An Open-Ended Story

The current review summarises the literature evidence on the association between vitamin D and MS, with a focus on the genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D-related genes.

Prevention and treatment of MS: studying the effects of vitamin D

The current literature on vitamin D and MS is reviewed, both as a risk factor and potential treatment for MS with a focus on the issues and challenges in designing prevention and treatment clinical trials.

Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: epidemiology, immunology, and genetics.

While a small vitamin D intervention study did not find an association between vitamin D and MS progression, this study had little statistical power, and larger trials will be needed to assess the therapeutic potential of vitamin D.

Vitamin D in multiple sclerosis: implications for assessment and treatment

The authors advise that the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D is monitored in order to prevent bone deficit, and that a serum level of 75–125 nmol/l is targeted, which is sufficient for maintenance of bone health.
...

References

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Multiple sclerosis: vitamin D and calcium as environmental determinants of prevalence. (A viewpoint). Part 1. Sunlight, dietary factors and epidemiology.

A new theory for the etiology of multiple sclerosis has been developed which is compatible with epidemiologic, biochemical and genetic evidence, and Vitamin D and calcium are proposed as being essential for normal myelination.

Immunomodulatory effects of Vitamin D in multiple sclerosis.

Levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) plays an important role in T cell homeostasis during the course of multiple sclerosis, thus making correction of its deficiency may be useful during treatment of the disease.

Vitamin D intake and incidence of multiple sclerosis

A protective effect of vitamin D intake on risk of developing MS is found in two large cohorts of women following diet assessed at baseline and updated every 4 years thereafter.

Evidence for genetic regulation of vitamin D status in twins with multiple sclerosis23

The findings indicate important genetic influences on regulation of seasonal circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in MS twins indicate low environmental supplies of vitamin D are mediating an increased susceptibility to MS.

Polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolism related genes and risk of multiple sclerosis

It was concluded that this does not support a role for the selected SNPs involved in vitamin D metabolism in the etiology of MS, and the finding of a marginally significant gene—environment interaction requires replication in larger datasets, but suggests future genetic studies may benefit from considering relevant environmental context.

Higher levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with a lower incidence of multiple sclerosis only in women

The data suggest that higher circulating levels of 25(OH)D are associated with a lower incidence of MS and MS-related disability in women, which may imply clues to the pathogenesis of the sex difference in risk and to the nature of the environmental factors involved in MS.

Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety.

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The assembled data from many vitamin D supplementation studies reveal a curve for vitamin D dose versus serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] response that is surprisingly flat up to 250 microg (10000 IU) vitamin D/d.

Safety of vitamin D3 in adults with multiple sclerosis.

Patients' serum 25(OH)D concentrations reached twice the top of the physiologic range without eliciting hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria, providing objective evidence that vitamin D intake beyond the current upper limit is safe by a large margin.

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The controversies that surround the interpretation of 25OHD, other proposed indices of vitamin D adequacy and dietary reference values for vitamin D, and the emerging evidence that a very low calcium intake may contribute to the etiology of rickets in Africa and Asia are discussed.

Genetic analysis of vitamin D related genes in Canadian multiple sclerosis patients

It is found that there is no evidence for linkage or association of these candidate genes with MS in the Canadian population.
...