Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters

@article{Varoqui2007VesicularNT,
  title={Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters},
  author={Hélène Varoqui and Jeffrey D. Erickson},
  journal={Molecular Neurobiology},
  year={2007},
  volume={15},
  pages={165-191}
}
Neurotransmission depends on the regulated release of chemical transmitter molecules. This requires the packaging of these substances into the specialized secretory vesicles of neurons and neuroendocrine cells, a process mediated by specific vesicular transporters. The family of genes encoding the vesicular transporters for biogenic amines and acetylcholine have recently been cloned. Direct comparison of their transport characteristics and pharmacology provides information about vesicular… 
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The physiological relevance of the vesicular nucleotide transport in the central nervous system is analyzed and the possible role of VNUT in the development of some pathological processes, such as chronic neuropathic pain or glaucoma is discussed.
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The importance of DAT and VMAT2 function in the delicate balance of neuronal dopamine is reviewed, with a new focus on the importance of transporter proteins as both models of human disease and potential drug targets has emerged.
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TLDR
Real-time imaging with a VGAT-pHluorin fusion provides a useful approach to explore how unique sorting sequences target individual proteins to synaptic vesicles with distinct functional properties.
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TLDR
This review provides an overview of the current understanding of DAT and VMAT2 neurobiology, including discussion of studies ranging from those conducted in vitro to those involving human subjects and how selected drugs alter the function and expression of these transporters.
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TLDR
An overview of glutamate cotransmission in these different classes of neurons is provided, highlighting puzzling differences in the proportion of such neurons expressing a VGLUT in different brain regions and at different stages of development.
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TLDR
Questions are raised about the morphological and functional organization of neuronal systems endowed with such a dual signalling capacity and the behavioural relevance of this co-phenotype is presently the focus of considerable interest.
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References

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