Veganism, vegetarianism, bone mineral density, and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

@article{Iguacel2019VeganismVB,
  title={Veganism, vegetarianism, bone mineral density, and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis},
  author={Isabel Iguacel and Mar{\'i}a Luisa Miguel-Berges and Alejandro G{\'o}mez-Bruton and Luis Alberto Moreno and Cristina Azcona San Juli{\'a}n},
  journal={Nutrition Reviews},
  year={2019},
  volume={77},
  pages={1–18}
}
Context The numbers of vegans and vegetarians have increased in the last decades. [...] Key MethodData Sources A systematic search was conducted of PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct, covering the period from the respective start date of each database to November 2017. Expand
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Vegetarianism and veganism compared with mental health and cognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
TLDR
A meta-analysis found that vegan or vegetarian diets were related to a higher risk of depression and lower anxiety scores, but no differences for other outcomes were found. Expand
Effects of vegetarianism on bone mineral density
Statement of the Problem: Vegetarianism is an increasing trend in Western world and among other reasons that influence calcium level probably one cause of osteoporosis. Aim of this cross-sectional… Expand
Differences in Bone Mineral Density between Adult Vegetarians and Nonvegetarians Become Marginal when Accounting for Differences in Anthropometric Factors.
TLDR
Findings suggest that lower BMD among adult vegetarians is in larger parts explained by lower BMI and waist circumference. Expand
Comparison of human bone mineral densities in subjects on plant-based and omnivorous diets: a systematic review and meta-analysis
TLDR
Plant-based diets were associated with lower BMDs than those of an omnivore population, and both vegetarians and vegans exhibited lower lumbar spine, femoral neck, and whole-body B MDs than omnivores. Expand
Vegan Diet and Bone Health—Results from the Cross-Sectional RBVD Study
TLDR
The study provides evidence of lower bone health in vegans compared to omnivores, additionally revealing a combination of nutrition-related biomarkers, which may contribute to bone health. Expand
Vitamin B12 status is a risk factor for bone fractures among vegans.
TLDR
Considering the widespread B12 deficiency prevalence among vegans, its role in bone fracture risk should not be overlooked. Expand
Effects of vegetarian diet on bone mineral density
TLDR
Results of several prospective longitudinal studies failed to show a harmful effect of vegetarianism on bone health and in the Taiwanese adult population, researchers also did not find that a vegetarian diet significantly affects age-related BMD decline. Expand
The effects of calorie restriction, intermittent fasting and vegetarian diets on bone health
TLDR
An overview of the studies carried out to examine the effect/s of CR, IF and vegetarian/vegan diets on bone health, and, in particular, on bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk is provided. Expand
The Impact of Vegan Diet in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
TLDR
It is found that a vegan diet is associated with lower T2D prevalence or incidence and in T1D patients decreases high glucose values and improves glucose homeostasis, as reported from the majority of included studies. Expand
The Belgian Bone Club 2020 guidelines for the management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
TLDR
BBC guidelines and 25 guideline recommendations bridge the gap between research and clinical practice for the screening, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis. Expand
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References

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BMD shows an age-related decline in Taiwanese men and women, and eating a vegetarian diet does not appear to affect this decline, and no statistical differences in BMD were observed between vegetarians and non-vegetarians of either sex. Expand
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The results suggest that vegetarian diets, particularly vegan diets, are associated with lower BMD, but the magnitude of the association is clinically insignificant. Expand
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TLDR
The BMD at the hip was lower in vegetarians than omnivores, but no difference was observed between `vegans' and `lactovegetarians', and there is a complex relationship between the intake of various nutrient and BMD in vegetarian. Expand
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TLDR
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Bone mineral density of Korean postmenopausal women is similar between vegetarians and nonvegetarians
Abstract The present study was performed to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD), nutrient intakes, and mineral status of postmenopausal vegetarian women in Korea. The 2 study groups consisted of… Expand
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