Veganism, vegetarianism, bone mineral density, and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
@article{Iguacel2019VeganismVB, title={Veganism, vegetarianism, bone mineral density, and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis}, author={Isabel Iguacel and Mar{\'i}a Luisa Miguel-Berges and Alejandro G{\'o}mez-Bruton and Luis Alberto Moreno and Cristina Azcona San Juli{\'a}n}, journal={Nutrition Reviews}, year={2019}, volume={77}, pages={1–18} }
Context
The numbers of vegans and vegetarians have increased in the last decades. [] Key MethodData Sources
A systematic search was conducted of PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct, covering the period from the respective start date of each database to November 2017.
77 Citations
Letter: Veganism, vegetarianism, bone mineral density, and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- MedicineNutrition reviews
- 2019
The authors have serious concerns about the meta-analysis of fracture risk in vegetarians and vegans in the recent review by Iguacel et al, which uses incorrect estimates to produce uninterpretable overall risks and invalid conclusions with regard to fracture risk.
Vegetarianism and veganism compared with mental health and cognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Psychology, MedicineNutrition reviews
- 2020
A meta-analysis found that vegan or vegetarian diets were related to a higher risk of depression and lower anxiety scores, but no differences for other outcomes were found.
Effects of vegetarianism on bone mineral density
- Medicine
- 2020
V had lower FNBMD, even vegetarianism was found to have a positive effect on calcium concentration, and vitamin D level was not differing in groups, but were below the recommended level in 43.5% and 35,1% of V and O participants, respectively.
The influence of vegetarian and vegan diets on the state of bone mineral density in humans.
- MedicineCritical reviews in food science and nutrition
- 2021
Recent studies show that BMD, as well as the risk of osteoporotic fractures, at least in vegetarians, equaled these indicators in omnivores.
The impact of plant-based diets on female bone mineral density
- MedicineMedicine
- 2021
The present meta-analysis indicated that plant-based diets may be correlated with lower BMD of women when compared with omnivore population and more prospective researches are needed to clear the impact of plant- based diets on bone health.
Role of diet in osteoporosis incidence: Umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies.
- MedicineCritical reviews in food science and nutrition
- 2021
It was found that dietary factors have a relevant impact on the incidences of human osteoporosis, appropriate consumption of dairy products, vegetables, fruits, and micronutrients, as well as reduced intake of alcohol and coffee, can reduce the risk of osteoporeosis.
Differences in Bone Mineral Density between Adult Vegetarians and Nonvegetarians Become Marginal when Accounting for Differences in Anthropometric Factors.
- MedicineThe Journal of nutrition
- 2020
Findings suggest that lower BMD among adult vegetarians is in larger parts explained by lower BMI and waist circumference.
The Impact of Vegan Diet in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
- MedicineNutrients
- 2021
It is found that a vegan diet is associated with lower T2D prevalence or incidence and in T1D patients decreases high glucose values and improves glucose homeostasis, as reported from the majority of included studies.
Impact of vegetarian and nonvegetarian dietary habits and age on body composition and bone mineral density of office workers
- MedicineBLDE University Journal of Health Sciences
- 2022
It was observed that there were no statistically significant differences in BMD of vegetarians and nonvegetarians and a strong and positive correlation was observed between body composition and BMD.
Dietary patterns and hip fracture in the Adventist Health Study 2: combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation mitigate increased hip fracture risk among vegans.
- MedicineThe American journal of clinical nutrition
- 2021
Without combined supplementation of both vitamin D and calcium, female vegans are at high risk of hip fracture, however, with supplementation the excessive risk associated with vegans disappeared.
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 93 REFERENCES
Bone mineral density of vegetarian and non-vegetarian adults in Taiwan.
- MedicineAsia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
- 2008
BMD shows an age-related decline in Taiwanese men and women, and eating a vegetarian diet does not appear to affect this decline, and no statistical differences in BMD were observed between vegetarians and non-vegetarians of either sex.
Effect of vegetarian diets on bone mineral density: a Bayesian meta-analysis.
- MedicineThe American journal of clinical nutrition
- 2009
The results suggest that vegetarian diets, particularly vegan diets, are associated with lower BMD, but the magnitude of the association is clinically insignificant.
Do vegetarians have a normal bone mass?
- MedicineOsteoporosis International
- 2004
From data available and given the limitations stipulated above, “vegetarians” do certainly appear to have “normal” bone mass, and the challenge is to determine what components of a vegetarian diet are of particular benefit to bone, at what levels and under which mechanisms.
Veganism, bone mineral density, and body composition: a study in Buddhist nuns
- MedicineOsteoporosis International
- 2009
SummaryThis cross-sectional study showed that, although vegans had lower dietary calcium and protein intakes than omnivores, veganism did not have adverse effect on bone mineral density and did not…
Bone mineral density in Chinese elderly female vegetarians, vegans, lacto-vegetarians and omnivores
- MedicineEuropean Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- 1998
The BMD at the hip was lower in vegetarians than omnivores, but no difference was observed between `vegans' and `lactovegetarians', and there is a complex relationship between the intake of various nutrient and BMD in vegetarian.
Vegetarianism, bone loss, fracture and vitamin D: a longitudinal study in Asian vegans and non-vegans
- MedicineEuropean Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- 2012
Vegan diet did not have adverse effect on bone loss and fracture, and corticosteroid use and high intakes of animal protein and animal lipid were negatively associated with bone loss.
Dietary protein and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- MedicineThe American journal of clinical nutrition
- 2009
A small positive effect of protein supplementation on lumbar spine BMD in randomized placebo-controlled trials supports the positive association between protein intake and bone health found in cross-sectional surveys, but these results were not supported by cohort study findings for hip fracture risk.
Bone mineral content in postmenopausal women: comparison of omnivores and vegetarians.
- MedicineThe American journal of clinical nutrition
- 1989
Age, weight, and use of estrogen and thiazide diuretics were predictive of 31% of the variability in BMC/ BW in the total group, and BMC/BW was not different in omnivores vs vegetarians.
Long-Term Vegetarian Diet and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Taiwanese Women
- MedicineCalcified Tissue International
- 1997
Identification of effective nutrition supplements may be necessary to improve lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density levels and to reduce the risk of osteoporosis among long-term female vegetarians.
Comparative fracture risk in vegetarians and nonvegetarians in EPIC-Oxford
- MedicineEuropean Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- 2007
In this population, fracture risk was similar for meat eaters, fish eaters and vegetarians, but the higher fracture risk in the vegans appeared to be a consequence of their considerably lower mean calcium intake.