Veganism, vegetarianism, bone mineral density, and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

@article{Iguacel2019VeganismVB,
  title={Veganism, vegetarianism, bone mineral density, and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis},
  author={Isabel Iguacel and Mar{\'i}a Luisa Miguel-Berges and Alejandro G{\'o}mez-Bruton and Luis Alberto Moreno and Cristina Azcona San Juli{\'a}n},
  journal={Nutrition Reviews},
  year={2019},
  volume={77},
  pages={1–18}
}
Context The numbers of vegans and vegetarians have increased in the last decades. [] Key MethodData Sources A systematic search was conducted of PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct, covering the period from the respective start date of each database to November 2017.
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77 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
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Background Citations
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Methods Citations
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77 Citations

Letter: Veganism, vegetarianism, bone mineral density, and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
TLDR
The authors have serious concerns about the meta-analysis of fracture risk in vegetarians and vegans in the recent review by Iguacel et al, which uses incorrect estimates to produce uninterpretable overall risks and invalid conclusions with regard to fracture risk.
Vegetarianism and veganism compared with mental health and cognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
TLDR
A meta-analysis found that vegan or vegetarian diets were related to a higher risk of depression and lower anxiety scores, but no differences for other outcomes were found.
Effects of vegetarianism on bone mineral density
TLDR
V had lower FNBMD, even vegetarianism was found to have a positive effect on calcium concentration, and vitamin D level was not differing in groups, but were below the recommended level in 43.5% and 35,1% of V and O participants, respectively.
The influence of vegetarian and vegan diets on the state of bone mineral density in humans.
TLDR
Recent studies show that BMD, as well as the risk of osteoporotic fractures, at least in vegetarians, equaled these indicators in omnivores.
The impact of plant-based diets on female bone mineral density
TLDR
The present meta-analysis indicated that plant-based diets may be correlated with lower BMD of women when compared with omnivore population and more prospective researches are needed to clear the impact of plant- based diets on bone health.
Role of diet in osteoporosis incidence: Umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies.
TLDR
It was found that dietary factors have a relevant impact on the incidences of human osteoporosis, appropriate consumption of dairy products, vegetables, fruits, and micronutrients, as well as reduced intake of alcohol and coffee, can reduce the risk of osteoporeosis.
Differences in Bone Mineral Density between Adult Vegetarians and Nonvegetarians Become Marginal when Accounting for Differences in Anthropometric Factors.
TLDR
Findings suggest that lower BMD among adult vegetarians is in larger parts explained by lower BMI and waist circumference.
The Impact of Vegan Diet in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
TLDR
It is found that a vegan diet is associated with lower T2D prevalence or incidence and in T1D patients decreases high glucose values and improves glucose homeostasis, as reported from the majority of included studies.
Impact of vegetarian and nonvegetarian dietary habits and age on body composition and bone mineral density of office workers
TLDR
It was observed that there were no statistically significant differences in BMD of vegetarians and nonvegetarians and a strong and positive correlation was observed between body composition and BMD.
Dietary patterns and hip fracture in the Adventist Health Study 2: combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation mitigate increased hip fracture risk among vegans.
TLDR
Without combined supplementation of both vitamin D and calcium, female vegans are at high risk of hip fracture, however, with supplementation the excessive risk associated with vegans disappeared.
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TLDR
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