Valproate as a treatment for dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) in Parkinson’s disease

@article{Sriram2012ValproateAA,
  title={Valproate as a treatment for dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) in Parkinson’s disease},
  author={Ashok Sriram and Herbert E. Ward and Anhar Hassan and Sanjay S. Iyer and Kelly D. Foote and Ramon L. Rodriguez and Nikolaus R. McFarland and Michael S. Okun},
  journal={Journal of Neurology},
  year={2012},
  volume={260},
  pages={521-527}
}
It has been previously well established that the use of dopaminergic agents in Parkinson’s disease may contribute to behavioral disturbances such as dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS), impulse control disorders (ICD), and punding. ICD and punding have been most commonly addressed by reducing dose or by discontinuing the use of a dopamine agonist. Treatment of DDS has proven more challenging, and to date there has been no standard approach. In this paper, we review a series of four patients… 
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Dopamine dysregulation syndrome in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review of published cases
TLDR
DDS presented with significant physical and social impairment, actions to enable or prevent detection of overuse, as well as mood, anxiety and motor fluctuations, and a large variety of management strategies were used.
Dyskinesias and impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: From pathogenesis to potential therapeutic approaches
Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies
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The epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of ICDs in the setting of PD are discussed, with a focus on dopaminergic therapy.
A systematic review of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease.
TLDR
A systematic overview of literature published between 2000 and January 2013 reporting impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease is presented and prevalence rates and the functional neuroanatomy, the impact of dopamine-serotonin interactions, and the cognitive symptomatology associated with impulse control Disorders in Parkinson’s disease are discussed.
Treatment of impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease: Practical considerations and future directions
TLDR
Current management strategies and emerging new interventions for treatment of ICDs in Parkinson disease are reviewed.
Treatment of psychiatric disturbances in hypokinetic movement disorders
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A review of studies that assessed the treatment of psychiatric disturbances in Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonisms found that depression may benefit from the optimization of dopaminergic therapy, from the use of antidepressants acting on both the serotoninergic and noradrenergic pathways and from cognitive behavioral therapy.
Behavioral effects of levodopa
  • I. Beaulieu-Boire, A. Lang
  • Psychology, Medicine
    Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society
  • 2015
TLDR
Appropriate management remains challenging, because reduction of levodopa (l‐dopa) and dopaminergic treatment is often recommended; however, doses required for control of motor symptoms may still induce behavioral changes.
Impulsive and compulsive behaviors in Parkinson's disease.
TLDR
The phenomenology, prevalence, and risk factors of patients with PD, as well as new insights from functional imaging studies, strengthening the incentive salience hypothesis, are discussed, and therapeutic guidelines for the management of ICBs in PD are given.
A systematic review of treatments for Impulse Control Disorders and related behaviours in Parkinson׳s disease
Gambling Disorder during Dopamine Replacement Treatment in Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Review
TLDR
An overview of GD pathogenesis during DA therapy as well as a summary of available treatment options is provided.
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