Urolithiasis through the ages

@article{Shah2002UrolithiasisTT,
  title={Urolithiasis through the ages},
  author={Jyoti Shah and Hugh N. Whitfield},
  journal={BJU International},
  year={2002},
  volume={89}
}
The oldest urological object on record is a bladder calculus; in 1901, Elliott Smith discovered it in a prehistoric Egyptian tomb, in the pelvis of a mummy. The calculus is dated to 4800 BCE and has a uric acid nucleus with concentric laminations of calcium oxalate and ammonium magnesium phosphate [1]. The first civilizations developed within fertile areas between 3200 and 1200 BCE. Early literary references to stone disease were made within the Asûtu in Mesopotomia; these medical texts… 
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De Haen organized the Medical University after the model of his teacher Herman Boerhaave, away from the textbooks he was teaching medicine at the bedside of the patients and insisted on detailed case histories and careful physical and laboratory examination.
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