• DOI:10.1089/end.2011.0265
• Corpus ID: 206171297

Urolithiasis location and size and the association with microhematuria and stone-related symptoms.

@article{Lallas2011UrolithiasisLA,
  title={Urolithiasis location and size and the association with microhematuria and stone-related symptoms.},
  author={Costas D Lallas and Xiaolong S. Liu and A N Chiura and Akhil K. Das and Demetrius H. Bagley},
  journal={Journal of endourology},
  year={2011},
  volume={25 12},
  pages={
          1909-13
        }
}

• C. Lallas, Xiaolong S. Liu, +2 authors D. Bagley
• Published 29 November 2011
• Medicine
• Journal of endourology

PURPOSE
To conduct a study to assess the association between calculus location and size and the incidence of both microhematuria and symptoms of urolithiasis in a urology office environment.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
After Institutional Review Board approval, a prospective study was conducted with data from 100 consecutive patients who presented to our office with documented urolithiasis. The location (caliceal, pelvic, or ureteral) and size (<or ≥ 8 mm) of each calculus was determined from available diagnostic radiographs. The incidence of microhematuria was ascertained via a urine dipstick and microscopic examination. The presence of any symptoms associated with urolithiasis, including pain, subjective fever or chills, or urinary urgency, was recorded.

RESULTS
A total of 111 stones were found in the study population resulting in a 45.9% incidence of microhematuria. In patients with renal pelvic and ureteral stones, 67.6% demonstrated microhematuria vs 36.4% with caliceal stones, P=0.0035. For stones ≥ 8 mm, 62.5% were positive for microhematuria vs 29.1% of stones <8 mm, P=0.0006. Ureteral or renal pelvic stones caused the most symptoms (70.6%) compared with caliceal stones (16.9%), P=0.0001. In those patients who reported pain associated with urolithiasis, 65.6% had concomitant microhematuria vs 36.8% in those without pain, P=0.0097.

CONCLUSIONS
Urinary calculus location and size are associated with the incidence of microhematuria and stone-related symptoms. Pain related to urolithiasis may be a positive predictor for the presence of microhematuria.