Updated US Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis

@article{Kuhar2013UpdatedUP,
  title={Updated US Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis},
  author={David T. Kuhar and David K. Henderson and Kimberly A. Struble and Walid Heneine and Vasavi Thomas and Laura W Cheever and Ahmed E Gomaa and Adelisa L. Panlilio},
  journal={Infection Control \&\#x0026; Hospital Epidemiology},
  year={2013},
  volume={34},
  pages={875 - 892}
}
This report updates US Public Health Service recommendations for the management of healthcare personnel (HCP) who experience occupational exposure to blood and/or other body fluids that might contain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV. [] Key Method The following is a summary of recommendations: (1) PEP is recommended when occupational exposures to HIV occur; (2) the HIV status of the exposure source patient should be determined, if possible, to guide need for HIV PEP; (3) PEP medication regimens should be…
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295 Citations
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Occupational Exposures among Healthcare Workers: New Methods for Prevention and Recommended Postexposure Prophylaxis for HIV and Hepatitis B and C
TLDR
The potential for occupational exposure to HCV is increasing, but no vaccine is currently available, and no prophylaxis is recommended.
Current Recommendations on the Workup and Post-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV, HBV, and HCV in Healthcare Workers
Opinion statementHepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV are the most commonly acquired infections related to occupational exposure in the health care setting. Measures to reduce the risk of transmission…
The role of laboratory medicine in managing biological risk: proposal for a simple and easy-to-follow protocol for occupational accidents at risk of bloodborne infection.
TLDR
This study summarizes the recommendations to follow in the event of occupational exposure to HIV, HBV and HCV, also providing tables and a flowchart, that are simple to apply and could be a guide, especially in moments of apprehension caused by the occurrence of an occupational accident due to biohazard.
Postexposure Prophylaxis Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): New Guidelines From the WHO: A Perspective.
TLDR
A unified approach to PEP is a welcome step in addressing this topic in resource-limited settings (RLS) for two main reasons: (1) WHO HIV treatment recommendations have been successful in the past 2 decades in great part because of their simplified approach, making them practical to communicate and to implement in RLS; and (2) the ARV regimens used for PEP are the same for both types of exposures.
Management of health care workers following occupational exposure to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus.
TLDR
Percutaneous injury in the health care setting is not uncommon but post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV is infrequently indicated and there was no hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV transmission via sharps or mucosal injury in this cohort of health care workers.
Is HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis required following occupational exposure to a source patient who is virologically suppressed on antiretroviral therapy?
TLDR
It would be impossible (because of the low numbers of endpoints) and unethical to perform a randomized controlled trial of any intervention following occupational exposure, and reliant on extrapolating from data from animal models and from other scenarios such as sexual or motherto-child transmission of HIV.
Selecting an Antiretroviral Regimen for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Postexposure Prophylaxis in the Occupational Setting
TLDR
It remains unclear whether any potential adherence advantages of raltegravir related to tolerability might be offset by the disadvantage of twice daily dosing, and additional data on clinically relevant outcomes should be systematically reported by large PEP programs wherever possible to inform future practice in a more evidence-based fashion.
Postexposure management of healthcare personnel to infectious diseases
TLDR
The main principles of postexposure management of HCP to infectious diseases, in general, and to certain common infections, in particular, categorized by their route of transmission are reviewed, in addition to primary prevention of these infections.
Post exposure prophylaxis following occupational exposure to HIV: a survey of health care workers in Mbeya, Tanzania, 2009-2010
TLDR
Despite the observed rate of occupational exposure to HCWs in Tanzania, use of PEP is still low and effective prevention from HIV infection at work places is required through proper training of HCWs on PEP with emphasis on timely reporting of exposures.
Changes to Initial Postexposure Prophylaxis Regimens Between the Emergency Department and Clinic.
TLDR
Patients presenting to the ED after a potential HIV exposure were evaluated by an ED clinician who then contacted the on-call HIV consultant to discuss the case, and the decision to stop, change, or continue ART was made.
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