Update on developmental anesthesia neurotoxicity

@article{Vutskits2017UpdateOD,
  title={Update on developmental anesthesia neurotoxicity},
  author={Laszlo Vutskits and Andrew J Davidson},
  journal={Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology},
  year={2017},
  volume={30},
  pages={337–342}
}
Purpose of review Adverse long-term impact of general anesthesia on the developing brain is a widely discussed and controversial issue with potential public health relevance. The goal of this article is to give insights into the most recent experimental and clinical observations aimed to advance our understanding in this field. Recent findings Recent investigations demonstrate long-term behavioral consequences of early-life anesthesia exposure in nonhuman primates under experimental conditions… Expand
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The data derived from intervention studies in neonatal mouse models of anesthetic exposure are summarized and mechanisms proposed to mediate anesthesia induced neurotoxicity in mice based on these reports are provided. Expand
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It is found that 2 or more hours of anesthesia exposure results in dramatic respiratory and metabolic changes that may limit interpretation of this paradigm to the clinical situation, and indicates that neonatal mouse models of AIN are not necessarily appropriate representations of human exposures. Expand
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It is suggested that anesthetic neurotoxicity is not a major contributory pathway for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in the majority of healthy children who require surgery before 3 years of age. Expand
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Given that recent data on both general anesthesia events and intravitreal anti-VEGF injections do not show a long-term negative neurodevelopmental impact, ocular procedures needed to improve a pediatric patient's vision or quality of life should not be delayed. Expand
Mechanisms of Anesthetic Action and Neurotoxicity: Lessons from Molluscs
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The findings presented here underscore the importance of invertebrates for research in the field of anesthesiology while highlighting their relevance to both vertebrates and humans. Expand
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An association between childhood exposure to multiple anesthetics and increased risk of learning disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the associations were stronger with multiple exposures compared with single exposures. Expand
Dexmedetomidine-mediated neuroprotection against sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity extends to several brain regions in neonatal rats
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The findings suggest that DEX could be an attractive therapeutic for future studies investigating its neuroprotective potential in a translational animal model and SEVO anaesthesia induced widespread apoptosis in infant rat brain. Expand
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An overview of recent anesthesia research using zebrafish embryos is provided, demonstrating its usefulness to the anesthesia field, and discussing the recent findings on various aspects related to the effects of anesthetics during early life development and the strengths and limitations of this model system. Expand
Maternal sciatic nerve administered bupivacaine induces hippocampal cell apoptosis in offspring
TLDR
The data suggest that maternal bupivacaine use increases fetal hippocampal cell apoptosis markers such as caspase 8 and cleaved caspases 3, at least in part, via inhibiting the Akt activation. Expand
Sevoflurane Induces Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis by Altering the Level of Neuropeptide Y in Neonatal Rats
TLDR
Results showed that sevoflurane caused a significant decrease in NPY expression, whereas exogenous NPY supplementation could reduce sev of lurane-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Expand
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