Untangling the benefits of multiple study opportunities and repeated testing for cued recall
@article{Cull2000UntanglingTB, title={Untangling the benefits of multiple study opportunities and repeated testing for cued recall}, author={William L. Cull}, journal={Applied Cognitive Psychology}, year={2000}, volume={14}, pages={215-235} }
Spacing multiple study opportunities apart from one another is known by psychologists to be a highly effective study method (see Dempster, 1996). This study examines whether including tests during study would produce practical benefits for learning beyond that provided by distributed study alone. In addition, spacing of both study and test (massed, uniform distributed, and expanding distributed) is investigated. To-be-remembered information was repeated with a single learning session…
251 Citations
Using Spacing to Enhance Diverse Forms of Learning: Review of Recent Research and Implications for Instruction
- Psychology
- 2012
Every day, students and instructors are faced with the decision of when to study information. The timing of study, and how it affects memory retention, has been explored for many years in research on…
Decomposing the interaction between retention interval and study/test practice: The role of retrievability
- PsychologyQuarterly journal of experimental psychology
- 2012
The results indicate that the effect size of study/test practice is due to the relative contribution of retrievable and nonretrievable items.
Effects of spacing and testing on learning Effects of Spacing and Testing on Inductive Learning
- Psychology
- 2019
The current study aimed to replicate the results of previous studies examining the spacing and testing effect by showing a benefit of spaced practice and repeated testing on inductive learning.…
The effects of tests on learning and forgetting
- PsychologyMemory & cognition
- 2008
In three experiments, it is investigated whether memory tests enhance learning and reduce forgetting more than additional study opportunities do and whether testing enhanced overall recall more than restudying did.
Establishing and explaining the testing effect in free recall for young children.
- PsychologyDevelopmental psychology
- 2014
Results showed that the benefits of testing extend to elementary school children and that testing enhanced item-specific processing but not relational processing, and third graders were also aware of the memorial benefits ofTesting, whereas 1st grader were not.
On the transfer of prior tests or study events to subsequent study.
- PsychologyJournal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
- 2014
The results suggest that measuring the memorial consequences of testing requires more than a single test of retention and, theoretically, a consideration of the differing status of initially recallable and nonrecallable items.
Test-Enhanced Learning
- Education, PsychologyPsychological science
- 2006
Investigation of the testing effect with educationally relevant materials and whether testing facilitates learning only because tests offer an opportunity to restudy material concluded that testing is a powerful means of improving learning, not just assessing it.
The Effect of Overlearning on Long-Term Retention
- Education, Psychology
- 2005
Once material has been learned to a criterion of one perfect trial, further study within the same session constitutes overlearning. Although overlearning is a popular learning strategy, its effect on…
Learning Better, Learning More: The Benefits of Expanded Retrieval Practice
- PsychologyJournal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition
- 2020
Optimising retention through multiple study opportunities over days: The benefit of an expanding schedule of repetitions
- PsychologyMemory
- 2015
It is suggested that the benefit of an expanding schedule may be greater when the RI is longer, and the study-phase retrieval hypothesis predicts that, under these circumstances, expanding intervals between repetitions will promote the greatest likelihood that the participant will be reminded of previous occurrences of the item, thus leading to a benefit for subsequent recall.
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 67 REFERENCES
The spacing effect: A case study in the failure to apply the results of psychological research.
- Psychology
- 1988
The spacing effect would appear to have considerable potential for improving classroom learning, yet there is no evidence of its widespread application. I consider nine possible impediments to the…
Testing versus review: Effects on retention.
- Psychology
- 1982
Taking a test on content that has just been studied is known to enhance later retention of the material studied, but is testing more profitable than the same amount of time spent in review? High…
The influence of retrieval on retention
- PsychologyMemory & cognition
- 1992
The results reject the hypothesis that a successful retrieval is beneficial only to the extent that it provides another study experience, as performing a memory retrieval (TTST condition) led to better performance than pure study (pure ST condition).
The learning ability paradox in adult metamemory research: Where are the metamemory differences between good and poor learners?
- Psychology, EducationMemory & cognition
- 1994
Although the ability to make metamemory decisions was shown to be important for effective learning, these decisions were made equally well by good and poor associative learners.
Judgments of knowing: The influence of retrieval practice.
- Psychology
- 1980
Four groups of college students first learned two paired-associate lists. Two experimental groups were asked to predict the likelihood that the response term of each pair would be recalled on the…
Allocation of self-paced study time and the "labor-in-vain effect".
- PsychologyJournal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
- 1988
The major findings were: ease-of-learning judgments and feeling- of-knowing judgments are reliably related to study-time allocation, with more self-paced study time being allocated to the supposedly more difficult items.