Unexpected rewards induce dopamine-dependent positive emotion–like state changes in bumblebees

@article{Perry2016UnexpectedRI,
  title={Unexpected rewards induce dopamine-dependent positive emotion–like state changes in bumblebees},
  author={Clint J Perry and Luigi Baciadonna and Lars Chittka},
  journal={Science},
  year={2016},
  volume={353},
  pages={1529 - 1531}
}
Whether invertebrates exhibit positive emotion–like states and what mechanisms underlie such states remain poorly understood. We demonstrate that bumblebees exhibit dopamine-dependent positive emotion–like states across behavioral contexts. After training with one rewarding and one unrewarding cue, bees that received pretest sucrose responded in a positive manner toward ambiguous cues. In a second experiment, pretest consumption of sucrose solution resulted in a shorter time to reinitiate… 
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104 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
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104 Citations

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Citation Type

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Perry et al. (5) report decision-making behavior in bumblebees that is analogous to optimism in humans and may reflect positive affect in both humans and other species.
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The contribution of the study lies in opening the door to research on the inner experience of insects, the learning and motivational mechanisms of their behavior, and the evolutionary analysis of emotions.
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It is demonstrated that the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, also exhibits state-dependent changes in cue interpretation, and use of this model organism's versatile experimental tool kit may facilitate elucidation of their neural and genetic basis.
Do Insects Have Emotions? Some Insights from Bumble Bees
TLDR
This controversial topic is reviewed and discussed based on the recent finding that bumblebees experience positive emotions while experiencing unexpected sucrose rewards, but also incorporating a broader survey of recent literature in which similar claims have been done for other invertebrates.
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Although the stimuli successfully differentiated the response of mice to unexpected, task-irrelevant stimuli, further refinement may be required to disentangle the effects of affect manipulation and arousal on the response to valenced stimuli.
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Despite numerous studies demonstrating the cognitive ability of cephalopods, there is currently no study showing an emotion-like behavior in this group of animals. To examine whether cuttlefish have…
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Severely food-deprived snails cannot acquire conditioned taste aversion, because this conditioning is thought to be mitigated by a high content of a reward transmitter, dopamine, in these snails.
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TLDR
It is observed that, contrary to winners, losers expressed anxiety-like behaviour (ALB) in correlation with the stress intensity they suffered during the harassment period mainly, suggesting a role for 5-HT, whose brain concentrations increased much more in losers than in winners.
The Acute Pharmacological Manipulation of Dopamine Receptors Modulates Judgment Bias in Japanese Quail
TLDR
The results reveal that dopamine receptor manipulation alters the evaluation of the reward and punishment in the spatial judgment task and suggests that the dopamine D1 and D2 receptor blockade leads to a decrease in the reward expectation and the negative judgment of stimuli.
Investigation of reward quality-related behaviour as a tool to assess emotions
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