Understanding the social effects of emotion regulation: the mediating role of authenticity for individual differences in suppression.

@article{English2013UnderstandingTS,
  title={Understanding the social effects of emotion regulation: the mediating role of authenticity for individual differences in suppression.},
  author={Tammy English and Oliver P. John},
  journal={Emotion},
  year={2013},
  volume={13 2},
  pages={
          314-329
        }
}
Individuals differ in the strategies they use to regulate their emotions (e.g., suppression, reappraisal), and these regulatory strategies can differentially influence social outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying these social effects remain to be specified. We examined one potential mediator that arises directly from emotion-regulatory effort (expression of positive emotion), and another mediator that does not involve emotion processes per se, but instead results from the link between… 

Figures and Tables from this paper

Cultural Differences in Emotion Suppression in Belgian and Japanese Couples: A Social Functional Model

The results suggest that the type of emotion should be considered when describing cultural differences in emotion suppression, and consistent with previous research, emotion suppression was negatively associated with interaction outcomes in Belgian couples, but not in Japanese couples.

We're not alone: Understanding the social consequences of intrinsic emotion regulation.

The interpersonal nature of emotion regulation is highlighted by providing a targeted review of its social consequences, including effects on the regulator and their interaction partners, and recommendations for expanding this area of research are provided.

Interpersonal mechanisms for the maintenance of self-criticism: Expressive suppression, emotion expression, and self-concealment

This paper focused on identifying patterns of emotional expression that may account for the relationship between self-criticism and social disconnection. In particular, the study examined whether

Interpersonal mechanisms for the maintenance of self-criticism: Expressive suppression, emotion expression, and self-concealment

This paper focused on identifying patterns of emotional expression that may account for the relationship between self-criticism and social disconnection. In particular, the study examined whether

Emotion suppression on relationship and life satisfaction: Taking culture and emotional valence into account

Despite a general consensus on the negative consequences of emotion suppression in Western cultures, cross-cultural explorations to date have yielded many inconsistencies on whether such phenomena

Suppression and Expression of Emotion in Social and Interpersonal Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis

Investigation of the relationships between levels of emotion expression and suppression, and social and interpersonal outcomes revealed that greater suppression of emotion was significantly associated with poorer social wellbeing, and the expression of positive and general/nonspecific emotion was related to better social outcomes.

Examining the relationships between emotion regulation and depression in children and adolescents: a cultural comparison

A number of studies have found that regular reliance on expressive suppression as an emotion regulation strategy has been linked to adverse outcomes and maladjustment. However, the vast majority of

Expressive suppression as an obstacle to social change: Linking system justification, emotion regulation, and collective action

It is found that negative emotions mediated the association between system justification and collective action among those who suppress the expression of their emotions less frequently, but not those who use expressive suppression more frequently.

Interpersonal Emotion Regulation: Implications for Affiliation, Perceived Support, Relationships, and Well-Being

The Interpersonal Regulation Questionnaire is developed, a valid and reliable measure of individual differences in IER, and distinct dimensions underlying IER are identified, demonstrating that these dimensions can be stably measured and separated from related constructs, and revealing their implications for relationships and well-being.
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 99 REFERENCES

Emotion regulation and culture: are the social consequences of emotion suppression culture-specific?

It is found that, for Americans holding Western-European values, habitual suppression was associated with self-protective goals and negative emotion, and experimentally elicited suppression resulted in reduced interpersonal responsiveness during face-to-face interaction.

The social costs of emotional suppression: a prospective study of the transition to college.

Findings were robustly corroborated across weekly experience reports, self-reports, and peer reports and are consistent with a theoretical framework that defines emotion regulation as a dynamic process shaped by both stable person factors and environmental demands.

Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being.

  • J. GrossO. John
  • Psychology
    Journal of personality and social psychology
  • 2003
Five studies tested two general hypotheses: Individuals differ in their use of emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal and suppression, and these individual differences have implications

Healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation: personality processes, individual differences, and life span development.

Reappraisal has a healthier profile of short-term affective, cognitive, and social consequences than suppression and issues in the development of reappraisal and suppression are considered to provide new evidence for an increasingly healthy emotion regulation profile during adulthood.

Culture, emotion regulation, and adjustment.

Differences across 23 countries on 2 processes of emotion regulation--reappraisal and suppression--were reported and cultural dimensions were correlated with country means on both and the relationship between them.

Emotion regulation: affective, cognitive, and social consequences.

This review focuses on two commonly used strategies for down-regulating emotion, reappraisal and suppression, and concludes with a consideration of five important directions for future research on emotion regulation processes.

Emotion regulation and memory: the cognitive costs of keeping one's cool.

Together, these studies suggest that the cognitive costs of keeping one's cool may vary according to how this is done, and that suppression was associated with poorer self-reported and objective memory but that reappraisal was not.

Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology.

  • J. Gross
  • Psychology
    Journal of personality and social psychology
  • 1998
Reappraisal decreased disgust experience, whereas suppression increased sympathetic activation, suggesting that these 2 emotion regulatory processes may have different adaptive consequences.

Social support versus companionship: effects on life stress, loneliness, and evaluations by others.

  • K. Rook
  • Psychology
    Journal of personality and social psychology
  • 1987
The results of five studies suggest that companionship plays a more important and more varied role in sustaining emotional well-being than previous studies have acknowledged.
...