Ultrastructure of the body cavities in Phylactolaemata (Bryozoa)

@article{Gruhl2009UltrastructureOT,
  title={Ultrastructure of the body cavities in Phylactolaemata (Bryozoa)},
  author={Alexander Gruhl and Ines Wegener and Thomas Bartolomaeus},
  journal={Journal of Morphology},
  year={2009},
  volume={270}
}
Only species belonging to the bryozoan subtaxon Phylactolaemata possess an epistome. To test whether there is a specific coelomic cavity inside the epistome, Fredericella sultana, Plumatella emarginata, and Lophopus crystallinus were studied on the ultrastructural level. In F. sultana and P. emarginata, the epistome contains a coelomic cavity. The cavity is confluent with the trunk coelom and lined by peritoneal and myoepithelial cells. The lophophore coelom extends into the tentacles and is… 
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Body cavities in bryozoans: Functional and phylogenetic implications

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It is asserted that the cavity inside the epistome is the preoral coelom corresponding to the true preoralcoelom of the larva of this species, and proving this assertion will require additional study of metamorphosis in this species.

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The results show that comparative organogenesis can contribute to phylactolaemate systematics and, when more data are available, possibly to that of other bryozoan classes and bilaterian phyla.

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The coelom of the lophophore in the brachiopod Lingula anatina was investigated using semithin sectioning, 3D reconstruction, and transmission electron microscopy and the ciliated myoepithelium can be considered as the ancestral type of coelomic lining.

Organogenesis during budding and lophophoral morphology of Hislopia malayensis Annandale, 1916 (Bryozoa, Ctenostomata)

Different similarities among bryozoans in the formation of the different organ systems are shown: a two-layered vesicle-like early bud, the ganglion forming as an invagination of the epidermal layer in between the prospective mouth and anal area, the digestive tract mainly forming as a outpocketing of the prospective anal area and the lophophore forming from two lateral anlagen that first fuse on the oral and afterwards on the anal side.

Reconstructing the neuromuscular ground pattern of phylactolaemate bryozoans: new data from the Lophopodidae

This study provides the first morphological analyses of three lophopodid species using serial-sectioning histology and 3D reconstruction, but also immunocytochemical stainings and confocal laserscanning microscopy, which shows that the insertion of the duplicature bands at the tentacle sheath and the circular musculature of the digestive tract to be the ground pattern in phylactolaemates.

Demonstration of the preoral coelom in the brachiopod Lingula anatina with consideration of its phylogenetic significance

Neuromuscular system of the larva of Fredericella sultana (Bryozoa: Phylactolaemata)

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