Tyrosine hydroxylase regulation in the central nervous system

@article{Masserano2004TyrosineHR,
  title={Tyrosine hydroxylase regulation in the central nervous system},
  author={Joseph M. Masserano and Norman D. Weiner},
  journal={Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry},
  year={2004},
  volume={53-54},
  pages={129-152}
}
SummaryTyrosine hydroxylase is considered to be the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines in both the central and peripheral nervous system. Increased or decreased neuronal activity, stress, lesions, drug effects, endocrinological manipulations and experimental models of hypertension are associated with alterations in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the central nervous system. In many of these instances, the changes in the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase in the central… 
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The investigation of levels of the peptide adrenomedullin (ADM) and the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in rat tissue after exposure to physiological stress
TLDR
In this study TH enzyme activity and adrenomedullin levels were investigated in rat tissues that were excised from animals exposed to 8°C cold for 3 weeks and age was found to be a factor.
Monoamine Precursors in PET Research- Biochemical Issues and Functional Significance
TLDR
Several important functional implications can be derived from studying monoamine precursor kinetics in vivo with PET with the relatively high sensitivity of AADC in vitro for changes in the reaction milieu.
In Vivo Analysis of Gene Expression in Central Catecholamine Cells
Association of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in brain and tumor with increased tumor growth in sympathectomized mice
TLDR
The L5178Y-R lymphoma does not express Th during in vivo progression, suggesting a broader role for cathecholamines in lymphocyte function, as well as the potential secretion of catecholamines by tumors of lymphoid origin.
Progesterone receptor isoforms differentially regulate the expression of tryptophan and tyrosine hydroxylase and glutamic acid decarboxylase in the rat hypothalamus
Progesterone Induces Dephosphorylation and Inactivation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in Rat Hypothalamic Dopaminergic Neurons
TLDR
Examination of the acute inhibitory action of progesterone on TH activity in rat fetal hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons in vitro indicates that the acute progester one-induced decline in TH activity is caused by dephosphorylation of TH.
Cyanide and Central Nervous System
TLDR
In conclusion, cyanide affects the central nervous system in a complex manner and appears to be secondary, e.g. hypoxia, seizures, changes in calcium levels or transmitter release produced by cyanide.
Hypoprolactinemia decreases tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons acutely by protein dephosphorylation and chronically by changes in gene expression
TLDR
The data suggest that protein dephosphorylation may be a primary mechanism for the rapid BROMO-dependent suppression of tyrosine hydroxylase activity, whereas suppressed gene expression may contribute to the lower tyrosin hydroxyase activity after chronicBROMO treatment.
Calmodulin and a cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase facilitate the prolactin-induced increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons
TLDR
Data indicate that calmodulin and a cyclic nucleotide-dependentprotein kinase contribute to the PRL-induced increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity, but the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is still unclear.
Individual Differences in the Expression of Tyrosine Hydroxylase mRNA in Neurosecretory Neurons of the Human Paraventricular and Supraoptic Nuclei: Positive Correlation with Vasopressin mRNA
TLDR
It is shown that the individual variability in the number of TH-IR neurons within the neurosecretory nuclei might be due to differential expression and/or stability of TH mRNA and that expression of Th-immunoreactivity in human PVN and SON depends on the activation of VP neurons.
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TLDR
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