Two neuropeptides colocalized in a command-like neuron use distinct mechanisms to enhance its fast synaptic connection.

@article{Koh2003TwoNC,
  title={Two neuropeptides colocalized in a command-like neuron use distinct mechanisms to enhance its fast synaptic connection.},
  author={H Y Koh and Ferdinand S. Vilim and Jian Jing and Klaudiusz R. Weiss},
  journal={Journal of neurophysiology},
  year={2003},
  volume={90 3},
  pages={
          2074-9
        }
}
In many neurons more than one peptide is colocalized with a classical neurotransmitter. The functional consequence of such an arrangement has been rarely investigated. Here, within the feeding circuit of Aplysia, we investigate at a single synapse the actions of two modulatory neuropeptides that are present in a cholinergic interneuron. In combination with previous work, our study shows that the command-like neuron for feeding, CBI-2, contains two neuropeptides, feeding circuit activating… 
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A temperature-dependent suppression of peptide release and occlusion experiments were used to examine the possible contribution of FCAP and CP2 to PTP at the CBI-2 to B61/62 synapse and indicated that peptides extend PTP duration.
Activity-dependent peptidergic modulation of the plateau-generating neuron B64 in the feeding network of Aplysia.
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Early studies that related peptide release to physiological firing patterns of neurons and their implications suggest that intrinsic peptidergic modulators in the CNS are likely to exert effects that are manifested dynamically in an activity-dependent manner.
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Findings indicate that priming of B48 may be implemented by a direct peptidergic modulation of its intrinsic characteristics via a pathway that activates cAMP, and suggest that in motoneurons that are driven by concurrent excitation-inhibition, repetition priming is indirect as it is preferentially implemented via modulation of the output of CPGs.
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TLDR
Flexible co-transmission mediated even by a single neuron can configure microcircuit activity via an array of contributing mechanisms, operating on multiple timescales, to enhance both behavioural flexibility and robustness.
The Complement of Projection Neurons Activated Determines the Type of Feeding Motor Program in Aplysia
TLDR
In preparations in which priming does not occur, it is shown that ingestive activity is generated when CBI-2 and CBI-3 are coactivated, and the data suggest that dynamic changes in the configuration of activity can vary and be determined by the complement of projection neurons that trigger activity.
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