Troponin I serines 43/45 and regulation of cardiac myofilament function.

@article{Pyle2002TroponinIS,
  title={Troponin I serines 43/45 and regulation of cardiac myofilament function.},
  author={W. Glen Pyle and Marius P. Sumandea and R. John Solaro and Pieter P de Tombe},
  journal={American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology},
  year={2002},
  volume={283 3},
  pages={
          H1215-24
        }
}
We studied Ca(2+) dependence of tension and actomyosin ATPase rate in detergent extracted fiber bundles isolated from transgenic mice (TG), in which cardiac troponin I (cTnI) serines 43 and 45 were mutated to alanines (cTnI S43A/S45A). Basal phosphorylation levels of cTnI were lower in TG than in wild-type (WT) mice, but phosphorylation of cardiac troponin T was increased. Compared with WT, TG fiber bundles showed a 13% decrease in maximum tension and a 20% increase in maximum MgATPase activity… 
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Myofilament incorporation and contractile function after gene transfer of cardiac troponin I Ser43/45Ala.

Regulation of cardiac contractile function by troponin I phosphorylation.

Effects of Protein Kinase C Phosphorylation of Cardiac Troponin I:An Experimental and Model-Based Study

A modest increase in PKC-induced cTnI phosphorylation can significantly regulate cardiac muscle contraction and negative inotropy via decreased crossbridge formation and negative lusitropy via persistence of myofilament active state is revealed.

Troponin I protein kinase C phosphorylation sites and ventricular function.

Phosphorylation or Glutamic Acid Substitution at Protein Kinase C Sites on Cardiac Troponin I Differentially Depress Myofilament Tension and Shortening Velocity*

Novel site specificity of effects of PKC phosphorylation on cTnI function is demonstrated and the complexity of modulation of the actin-myosin interaction by specific changes in the thin filament is emphasized.

Augmented Protein Kinase C-α–Induced Myofilament Protein Phosphorylation Contributes to Myofilament Dysfunction in Experimental Congestive Heart Failure

The results suggest that in end-stage congestive heart failure, the myofilament proteins exist in a hyperphosphorylated state attributable, in part, to increased activity and signaling of PKC-α.

Left Ventricular and Myocardial Function in Mice Expressing Constitutively Pseudophosphorylated Cardiac Troponin I

A modest increase in PKC-induced cTnI phosphorylation can significantly alter cardiac muscle contraction: negative inotropy via decreased cross-bridge formation and negative lusitropy via persistence of myofilament active state.

Molecular and Integrated Biology of Thin Filament Protein Phosphorylation in Heart Muscle

The main sites for PKC‐dependent phosphorylation on cTnI are Ser43, Ser45, and Thr144 and oncTnT are Thr197, Ser201, Thr206 and Thr287 (mouse sequence), and the recent data on the specific functional role of PKC phosphorylations are summarized.

Protein Kinase C&egr; Overexpression Alters Myofilament Properties and Composition During the Progression of Heart Failure

Characterization of a transgenic mouse that overexpresses constitutively active protein kinase C&egr; in the heart and slowly develops a dilated cardiomyopathy with failure is reported to implicate the disruption of the myofibrillar proteins and their interactions in the propagation of dilated cardiac disease.

Contractile Function of the Human Myocardium: Impact of Troponin Phosphorylation

Specific PKC α‐mediated phosphorylation of cTn increases myofilament Ca‐sensitivity and decreases maximal force and Phosphorylation at the newly identified PKC sites in human troponin may contribute to the intricate effects of PKCα on my ofilament function.
...

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