Treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis

@article{denBoer2006TreatmentOF,
  title={Treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis},
  author={Margriet den Boer and Robert N. Davidson},
  journal={Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy},
  year={2006},
  volume={4},
  pages={187 - 197}
}
This review summarizes the current developments in therapy for visceral leishmaniasis. With the recent introduction of new drugs, the main limits in reducing deaths from visceral leishmaniasis are difficulty in diagnosis in the field and health inequality – patients lack of access to treatment. No new drugs are currently in the early stages of development. There are good reasons for the use of combination therapy; to prevent further development of resistance against the limited therapeutic… 
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This article critically addresses the currently available diagnostic and treatment regimens for the control of VL and recommends combination therapy to increase treatment efficacy and prevent the development of resistance.
Combination therapy for visceral leishmaniasis.
TLDR
The evidence and potential for combination therapy, and the criteria for the choice of drugs in such regimens, are reviewed, suggesting that combination therapy is more cost-effective and reduces indirect costs for patients.
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TLDR
This article critically addresses the currently available diagnostic and treatment regimens for the control of VL and offers more choices for monotherapy and combination therapy for VL.
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TLDR
It is shown that antimony resistance is not an emerging problem in the Mediterranean, and VL is now treated differently in the region, basically through three approaches: in Northern Africa and in part of the Middle East, pentavalent antimony is still the mainstay for therapy, with no alternative drug options for treating relapses.
Therapy of vector-borne protozoan infections in nonendemic settings
TLDR
Progress in the management of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis has also been substantial and includes introduction of new drugs into clinical practice, combinations of existing drugs, or new laboratory tools for treatment monitoring.
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TLDR
Large trials are recommended to investigate the efficacy of pentamidine over other agents in preventing relapse of VL in the immunocompromised patient.
Visceral leishmaniasis after renal transplantation: report of 4 cases in northeastern Brazil
TLDR
Visceral leishmaniasis is a well recognized opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed patients, which may cause febrile illness in transplanted patients living in endemic areas.
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TLDR
It is indicated that paromomycin efficacy in vivo is dependent on intrinsic susceptibility of the parasite, and the potential use of this drug in chemotherapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil caused by L. amazonensis is evaluated.
Leishmanicidal activity of Artemisinin against cutaneous Leishmaniasis, in Vitro
Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected disease in tropical countries, including Iraq. Several studies have sought to examine chemotherapies for leishmaniasis treatment but most of…
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