Treatment–resistant panic disorder: a systematic review

@article{Freire2016TreatmentresistantPD,
  title={Treatment–resistant panic disorder: a systematic review},
  author={Rafael Christophe Freire and Moren{\'a} Zugliani and Rafael F. Garcia and Ant{\^o}nio Eg{\'i}dio Nardi},
  journal={Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy},
  year={2016},
  volume={17},
  pages={159 - 168}
}
ABSTRACT Introduction: The prevalence of panic disorder (PD) in the population is high and these patients have work impairment, high unemployment rates, seek medical treatment more frequently and have more hospitalizations than people without panic symptoms. Despite the availability of pharmacological, psychological and combined treatments, approximately one-third of all PD patients have persistent panic attacks and other PD symptoms after treatment. Areas covered: MEDLINE/Pubmed, CENTRAL… 
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The personal perspective on the definition of “treatment resistance” as it relates to PD is discussed and personalized intervention strategies to increase favorable clinical outcomes are provided based on clinical expertise and review of experimental studies on the pathophysiology of PD.
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The efficacy of tranylcypromine, paroxetine, clonazepam, alprazolam and escitalopram is confirmed, and vortioxetine and TMS, with duration of 4 or more weeks, also seems to be effective.
Is There Room for Second-Generation Antipsychotics in the Pharmacotherapy of Panic Disorder? A Systematic Review Based on PRISMA Guidelines
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An updated systematic review of all of the studies that examined the efficacy and tolerability of SGAs in the treatment of PD, with or without other comorbid psychiatric disorders found a general lack of efficacy ofSGAs on panic symptoms.
Are there advances in pharmacotherapy for panic disorder? A systematic review of the past five years
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Given the lack of novel treatments, expanding a personalized approach to the existing medications seems to be the most feasible strategy to improve pharmacotherapy outcomes regarding PD.
From the Onset of Panic Symptoms to Getting to a Psychiatric Treatment : The Change by Improved Public Awareness of Panic Disorder in Korea
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The general process from the symptom onset to the psychiatric treatment in Korean panic patients and the effect of improved public awareness on it is investigated.
The Place of Antipsychotics in the Therapy of Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
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Contrary to SAD and PD, this review found evidence for the use of second-generation antipsychotics in GAD and OCD, and first-generation anti-anxiety drugs cannot be recommended in anxiety disorders and OCD.
Personalized medicine in panic disorder: where are we now? A meta-regression analysis
An open-label, flexible dose adaptive study evaluating the efficacy of vortioxetine in subjects with panic disorder
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Some support for the use of vortioxetine in the management of panic disorder is provided, with a statistically significant decrease in the occurrence of panic attacks and a moderate improvement in the quality of life.
Panic disorder in general medical practice- A narrative review
The under-or misdiagnosis, and symptomatic treatment of the panic disorder (PD), despite high prevalent medical illness, is common among non-psychiatric physicians. The non-psychiatrist physician's…
Empirical evidence of the effect of personality pathology on the outcome of panic disorder.
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