Traumatic brain injury.

@article{Angrave2014TraumaticBI,
  title={Traumatic brain injury.},
  author={Philip Angrave},
  journal={Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association},
  year={2014},
  volume={22 6},
  pages={
          13
        }
}
  • P. Angrave
  • Published 1 October 2014
  • Medicine
  • Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association
THIS META-ANALYSIS compares randomised controlled trials of two approaches to the management of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury: the use of mannitol versus that of hypertonic sodium. 
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References

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TLDR
An overview of the epidemiology and impact of TBI is presented, which shows that the number of Americans living with TBI-related disability and their efforts to return to a full and productive life are increasing.
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TLDR
BeSc deteriorates over time; the data suggest a decline in general health and QoL in a substantial proportion of patients (37.2%) 10 years after MTBI.
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TLDR
Treatment recommendations for veterinary TBI patients are primarily based on human and experimental studies and personal experience, andTherapeutic guidelines have been developed that center on maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion.
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Early hyperglycemia is associated with poor outcomes for patients with severe traumatic brain injury, and tighter control of serum glucose without reduction of nutritional support may improve the prognosis for these critically ill patients.
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It is strongly recommended that patients with an acute EDH in coma (GCS score < 9) with anisocoria undergo surgical evacuation as soon as possible.
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TLDR
Elevation and debridement is recommended as the surgical method of choice and all management strategies for open (compound) depressed fractures should include antibiotics.
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TLDR
The most significant predictors of mortality in this patient set were durations of hypotensive, pyrexic, and hypoxemic insults, which occurred in all severities of head trauma, at all ages, and at every level of Injury Severity Score.
Fluid resuscitation with isotonic or hypertonic saline solution avoids intraneural calcium influx after traumatic brain injury associated with hemorrhagic shock.
TLDR
Both small volume hypertonic saline and large volume lactated Ringer's blunts calcium influx in early stages of TBI associated to hemorrhagic shock, whereas fluid resuscitation improved hemodynamic profile.
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TLDR
The modified Glasgow Coma Scale (MGCS) is a useful index for prediction of outcome in dogs with head trauma and could predict the probability of survival in the 1st 48 hrs after head trauma with 50% probability in a patient with a score of 8.
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TLDR
Patients with a cranial CT scan, obtained on a helical CT scanner, that shows no intracerebral injury and who do not have other body system injuries or a persistence of any neurologic finding can be safely discharged from the emergency department without a period of either inpatient or outpatient observation.
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