Transposable elements and the epigenetic regulation of the genome

@article{Slotkin2007TransposableEA,
  title={Transposable elements and the epigenetic regulation of the genome},
  author={R. Keith Slotkin and Robert A. Martienssen},
  journal={Nature Reviews Genetics},
  year={2007},
  volume={8},
  pages={272-285}
}
Overlapping epigenetic mechanisms have evolved in eukaryotic cells to silence the expression and mobility of transposable elements (TEs). Owing to their ability to recruit the silencing machinery, TEs have served as building blocks for epigenetic phenomena, both at the level of single genes and across larger chromosomal regions. Important progress has been made recently in understanding these silencing mechanisms. In addition, new insights have been gained into how this silencing has been co… 
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The key roles of TEs in fine-tuning the regulation of gene expression leading to phenotypic plasticity in plants and humans are summarized and the implications for adaption and natural selection are summarized.

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Observations suggest that naturally occurring changes in transposon activity may have had an important impact on the causes and consequences of epigenetic silencing in plants.

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