Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a complementary treatment for aphasia.

@article{Martin2004TranscranialMS,
  title={Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a complementary treatment for aphasia.},
  author={Paula I. Martin and Margaret A. Naeser and Hugo Th{\'e}oret and Jos{\'e} Mar{\'i}a Tormos and Marjorie L Nicholas and Jacquie Kurland and Felipe Fregni and Heidi E. Seekins and Karl W. Doron and {\'A}lvaro Pascual-Leone},
  journal={Seminars in speech and language},
  year={2004},
  volume={25 2},
  pages={
          181-91
        }
}
Functional brain imaging with nonfluent aphasia patients has shown increased cortical activation (perhaps "overactivation") in right (R) hemisphere language homologues. These areas of overactivation may represent a maladaptive strategy that interferes with, rather than promotes, aphasia recovery. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a painless, noninvasive procedure that utilizes magnetic fields to create electric currents in discrete brain areas affecting about a 1-cm square… 
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TLDR
Findings suggest beneficial effects of targeted behavioural training in combination with brain stimulation in chronic aphasic patients, but further work is required in order to verify whether optimal combination parameters (rTMS alone or speech therapy alone) and length of rTMS treatment may be found.
Dual-Hemisphere Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Rehabilitation of Poststroke Aphasia
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Combining dual-hemisphere rTMS with language training might be a feasible treatment for nonfluent aphasia; further multicenter studies are needed to confirm this result.
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  • P. Turkeltaub
  • Psychology, Biology
    Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
  • 2015
TLDR
There is sufficient evidence to demonstrate that this approach, at least for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, improves specific language abilities in aphasia, but the biological mechanisms that produce these behavioral improvements remain poorly understood.
The Use of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Techniques to Facilitate Recovery from Post-stroke Aphasia
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A better understanding of the predictors of recovery from natural outcome studies would also help to inform study design, and the selection of clinically meaningful outcome measures in future studies.
Mechanisms of aphasia recovery after stroke and the role of noninvasive brain stimulation
Utilizing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to improve language function in stroke patients with chronic non-fluent aphasia.
TLDR
This experiment demonstrates the administration of low-frequency repetitive TMS to an optimal stimulation site in the right hemisphere in patients with chronic non-fluent aphasia and locates the area of optimal response for each individual patient.
Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Aphasic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
TLDR
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation might be an effective, safe, and feasible complementary therapy for poststroke aphasia.
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TLDR
Evidence that suggests that TMS and tDCS are promising tools for facilitating language recovery in aphasic patients is reviewed, and evidence that indicates that both right and left hemisphere mechanisms of plasticity are instrumental in acersia recovery is examined.
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TLDR
There is some evidence that noninvasive cortical stimulation, especially when combined with language therapy or other therapeutic approaches, can promote aphasia recovery and some positive effects of the reinforcement of neural activities in the contralateral right hemisphere are shown.
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