• DOI:10.1007/S004100100259
• Corpus ID: 129641404

Trace element and isotopic evidence for two types of crustal melting beneath a High Cascade volcanic center, Mt. Jefferson, Oregon

@article{Conrey2001TraceEA,
  title={Trace element and isotopic evidence for two types of crustal melting beneath a High Cascade volcanic center, Mt. Jefferson, Oregon},
  author={Richard M. Conrey and Peter R. Hooper and Peter Brennan Larson and John Theodore Chesley and Joaqu{\'i}n Ru{\'i}z},
  journal={Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology},
  year={2001},
  volume={141},
  pages={710-732}
}

• R. Conrey, P. Hooper, +2 authors J. Ruíz
• Published 1 September 2001
• Geology
• Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology

Abstract.Mt. Jefferson is an andesite–dacite composite volcano in the Cascade Range, the locus of andesite and dacite-dominated volcanism for at least 1 million years. A large trace element data set for Mt. Jefferson and its surrounding mafic volcanic platform effectively rules out any fractionation based model (FC or AFC) for the generation of Mt. Jefferson andesites. Several incompatible element (Zr, Nb, Y) concentrations decrease in the range from basalt to andesite, and then increase in the range from andesite to rhyodacite. Others (Ba, Rb, La, Th) remain constant or show a slight increase in the basalt to andesite range, with modest increases from andesite to rhyodacite. Systematic variations in highly incompatible element ratios such as Ba/La and Rb/Th suggest magma mixing dominates the trace element signatures. Rhyodacites are isotopically uniform (87Sr/86Sr=0.70325–0.70343; 206Pb/204Pb=18.75–18.85; ∂18O=6.3±0.3), whereas andesite and dacite are more variable (87Sr/86Sr=0.70291–0.70353; 206Pb/204Pb=18.59–18.86; ∂18O=6.0±0.6). Typical basaltic andesite has 87Sr/86Sr=0.70326–0.70358, 206Pb/204Pb=18.78–18.85, and ∂18O=5.9±0.4. Sr-rich (>1,000 ppm) basaltic andesite is more variable (87Sr/86Sr=0.70300–0.70360; 206Pb/204Pb=18.70–18.89; ∂18O=5.9±0.4). The data define mixing arrays with one end member at 87Sr/86Sr=0.7029; 206Pb/204Pb=18.59, another at rhyodacite, and a third at 87Sr/86Sr=0.7036; 206Pb/204Pb=18.89. The first end member is defined by Sr-rich (800–1,200 ppm) andesite with high Al2O3, and low K2O, Ba, and Rb/Th; the third one by K2O- and very Sr-rich (>2,000 ppm) shoshonite. Isotopic data for basalts in northern Oregon preclude any fractionation relationship between basalt and either rhyodacite or Sr-rich andesite (e.g., the minimum 206Pb/204Pb ratio in basalt is 18.83). Considered in light of geophysical models for the Cascades, these data suggest two types of crustal melting beneath the arc. Rhyodacite may be generated at 25–30 km depth by partial melting of arc basalt-like amphibolite at 850–900 °C. Sr-rich andesite may be formed by partial melting of depleted MORB-like mafic granulite at 35–45 km depth at 1,000–1,100 °C. Experimental and REE evidence supports these interpretations as does the restriction of Sr-rich andesite in the Cascades to the area south of the 100 mW/m2 heat flow contour between Mt. Jefferson and Mt. Hood. Thick crust and high heat flow are necessary to produce such andesite.